Extradural anterior clinoidectomy in the management of parasellar meningiomas: Analysis of 13 years of experience and literature review

Autor: Lopez, LS, Hernandez, FM, Cortes, CA, Ribo, PT, Holzapfel, MJA, Teixido, JM

Publikováno v: NEUROCIRUGIA
r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau
instname

Background and aim: The extradural anterior clinoidectomy (EAC) is a key microsurgical technique that facilitates the resection of tumors located in the parasellar region. There is currently no consensus regarding the execution of the procedure via e

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Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Autor: Hansen ML; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Pellicer A; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Hyttel-Sørensen S; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Ergenekon E; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Szczapa T; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Hagmann C; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Naulaers G; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Mintzer J; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Fumagalli M; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Dimitriou G; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Dempsey E; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Tkaczyk J; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Cheng G; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Fredly S; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Heuchan AM; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Pichler G; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Fuchs H; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Nesargi S; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Hahn GH; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Piris-Borregas S; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Širc J; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Alsina-Casanova M; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Stocker M; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Ozkan H; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Sarafidis K; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Hopper AO; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Karen T; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Rzepecka-Weglarz B; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Oguz SS; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Arruza L; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Memisoglu AC; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Del Rio Florentino R; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Baserga M; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Maton P; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Truttmann AC; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., de Las Cuevas I; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Agergaard P; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Zafra P; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Bender L; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Lauterbach R; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Lecart C; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., de Buyst J; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., El-Khuffash A; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Curley A; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Vaccarello OO; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Miletin J; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Papathoma E; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Vesoulis Z; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Vento G; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Cornette L; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Lopez LS; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Yasa B; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Klamer A; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Agosti M; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Baud O; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Mastretta E; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Cetinkaya M; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., McCall K; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Zeng S; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Hatzidaki E; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Bargiel A; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Marciniak S; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Gao X; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Huijia L; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Chalak L; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Yang L; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Rao SA; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Xu X; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Gonzalez BL; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Wilinska M; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Yin Z; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Sadowska-Krawczenko I; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Serrano-Viñuales I; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Krolak-Olejnik B; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Ybarra MM; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Morales-Betancourt C; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Korček P; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Teresa-Palacio M; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Mosca F; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Hergenhan A; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Koksal N; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Tsoni K; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Kadri MM; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Knöpfli C; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Rafinska-Wazny E; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Akin MS; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Nordvik T; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Peng Z; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Kersin SG; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Thewissen L; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Alarcon A; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Healy D; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Urlesberger B; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Baş M; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Baumgartner J; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Skylogianni E; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Karadyova V; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Valverde E; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Bergon-Sendin E; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Kucera J; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Pisoni S; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Wang L; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Smits A; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Sanchez-Salmador R; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Rasmussen MI; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Olsen MH; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Jensen AK; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Gluud C; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Jakobsen JC; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak)., Greisen G; From the Departments of Neonatology (M.L.H., G.H.H., M.I.S.R., G.G.) and Intensive Care (S.H.-S.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, the Capital Region (M.H.O., C.G., J.C.J.), and the Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neuroscience Center (M.H.O.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (A.K.G.J.), Copenhagen, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (P.A.), the Department of Neonatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital (A.K.), and the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (C.G., J.C.J.), Odense - all in Denmark; the Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital (A.P., M.M.Y., E.V., R.S.-S.), the Neonatology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (S.P.-B., C.M.-B., E.B.-S.), the Department of Neonatology, Instituto del Nino y del Adolescente, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (L.A.), Madrid, the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (M.A.-C., M.T.-P.), and the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (R.R.F., A.A.), Barcelona, the Neonatal Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, and the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cantabria University, Santander (I.C.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz (P.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Tarragona (O.O.V.), the Neonatal Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada (L.S.L.), the Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo (B.L.G.), and the Neonatology Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (I.S.-V.) - all in Spain; the Division of Newborn Medicine, Gazi University Hospital (E.E., M. Baş), and the Department of Neonatology, NICU, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital (S.S.O., M.S.A.), Ankara, the Department of Neonatology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa (H.O., N.K.), the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Marmara University, School of Medicine (A.C.M., S.G.K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (B.Y., M.C.), Istanbul, and Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Basaksehir (B.Y., M.C.) - all in Turkey; the 2nd Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan (T.S.), the Department of Neonatology, Centrum Medyczne Ujastek (B.R.-W., E.R.-W.), and the Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital (R.L.), Krakow, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences (A.B.) and the Neonatology Department, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education (M.W.), Warsaw, the Neonatal Unit, Specialist Hospital No. 2, Bytom (S.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz (I.S.-K.), and the Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw (B.K.-O.) - all in Poland; Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Children's University Hospital of Zurich (C.H.), and the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich (T.K., C.K.), Zurich, the Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne (M.S., A.H.), the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center, and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne (A.C.T.), and the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, and University of Geneva, Geneva (O.B.) - all in Switzerland; the Department of Development and Regeneration Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven (G.N., L.T., A.S.), Service de Néonatologie, Clinique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien Montlégia-Liège-Belgium, Liege (P.M.), the Department of Neonatology, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi (C.L.), NICU, Tivoli Hospital, La Louviere (J. Buyst), and the Department of Neonatology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St.-Jan Bruges, Bruges (L. Cornette) - all in Belgium; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ (J. Mintzer); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (M.F., F.M., S.P.), the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan (M.F., F.M.), Milan, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome (G.V.), the Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese (M.A.), and Struttura Complessa Neonatologia, Osp. S.Anna-Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin (E.M.) - all in Italy; NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras (G.D., E.S.), the 1st Department of Neonatology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (K.S., K.T.), the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens (E.P.), and the Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion (E.H.) - all in Greece; the Infant Centre and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork (E.D., D.H.), and the School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (A.E.-K.), National Maternity Hospital (A.C.), Coombe Women and Infant University Hospital (J. Miletin), and Ireland University College Dublin (J. Miletin), Dublin - all in Ireland; the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Motol (J.T., V.K.), and the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child (J.Š., J. Miletin, P.K., J.K.) and the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (J.Š., P.K.), Prague - all in Czechia; the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai (G.C., Z.P., L.W.), the Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzen (S.Z.), the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Autonomous Region, Quangxi (X.G.), the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (L.H.), the Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou (L.Y.), the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen (X.X.), and the Department of Neonatology, the People's Hospital of Dehong, Mangshi (Z.Y.) - all in China; the Department of Neonatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (S.F., T.N.); the Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (A.M.H.), and the Neonatology Department, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw (K.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pediatrics (G.P., B.U.) and the Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation (G.P.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (H.F., J. Baumgartner); the Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (S.N., S.A.R.); the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (A.O.H., M.M.K.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City (M. Baserga); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Z.V.); INSERM Unité 1141, University of Paris, Paris (O.B.); and the Division of Pediatrics-Neonatal-Perinatal, UT Southwestern, Dallas (L. Chalak).

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2023 Apr 20; Vol. 388 (16), pp. 1501-1511.