Building a High-Level Isolation Unit in Rwanda and Establishing a Training Program for the Medical Management of Patients With High-Consequence Infectious Diseases.

Autor: Uhrig A; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Rwagasore E; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Liebau LD; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Villinger D; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Gertler M; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Masaisa F; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Bitunguhari L; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Piening T; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Paerisch T; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Cronen T; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Nkeshimana M; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Muvunyi CM; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda., Stegemann MS; Alexander Uhrig, MD, is Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, and Director, Critical Care Medicine, Berlin High-Level Isolation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Maximilian Gertler, MD, is a Tropical Medicine Consultant, Institute of Tropical Medicine, and International Health, Charité Center for Global Health; Thomas Cronen, MD, is an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; and Miriam Songa Stegemann, MD, is a Training Coordinator, Berlin High-level Isolation Unit, an Infectious Disease Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; all at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Edson Rwagasore, MD, MSc, is Division Manager, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Claude Mambo Muvunyi, MD, PhD, MSc, is Director General; both at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. Laura Dorothea Liebau, MSc, and David Villinger, MD, are Consultants, Medmissio Institute for Global Health Würzburg, Germany. Florence Masaisa, MD, is an Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Hematologist, and Head of Clinical Education and Research, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; all in Kigali, Rwanda. Leopold Bitunguhari, MD, is a Senior Lecturer of Medicine, University of Rwanda, and a Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; both in Kigali, Rwanda. Turid Piening is a Training Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate, and Thomas Paerisch, MD, is Project Coordinator, EFFO-COE Project, and a Research Associate; both at the Center of Biological Risks and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Menelas Nkeshimana, MD, is Head, Department of Health Workforce Development, Ministry of Health; a Consultant Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali; and a Lecturer, University of Rwanda; all in Kigali, Rwanda.

Publikováno v: Health security [Health Secur] 2024 Sep; Vol. 22 (S1), pp. S113-S121. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 23.