Patient and clinician experiences of post-discharge virtual care following non-elective surgery: A qualitative descriptive study

Autor: Levesque, Kelsea

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) and virtual care is a burgeoning field, with considerable uptake within chronic medical populations and recently expanding to include surgical populations. Patient and clinician experiences of participating in at-home,

Externí odkaz: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/28279

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Post Discharge after Surgery Virtual Care with Remote Automated Monitoring Technology (PVC-RAM): protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Autor: McGillion MH; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Parlow J; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Borges FK; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Marcucci M; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Jacka M; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Adili A; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Lalu MM; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Yang H; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Patel A; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., O'Leary S; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Tandon V; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Hamilton GM; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Mrkobrada M; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Ouellette C; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Bird M; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Ofori S; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Conen D; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Roshanov PS; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Harvey V; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Guyatt GH; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Le Manach Y; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Bangdiwala SI; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Arellano R; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Scott T; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Lounsbury J; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Taylor DA; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Nenshi R; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Forster AJ; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Nagappa M; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Lamy A; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Peter E; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Levesque K; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Marosi K; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Chaudhry S; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Haider S; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Deuchar L; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., LeBlanc B; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., McCartney CJL; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Schemitsch EH; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Vincent J; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Pettit SM; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Paul J; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., DuMerton D; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Paulin AD; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Simunovic M; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Williams DC; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Halman S; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Schlachta CM; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Shelley J; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Harlock J; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Meyer RM; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Graham M; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Shanthanna H; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Parry N; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Pichora DR; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Yousef H; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Moloo H; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Sehmbi H; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Waggott M; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Belley-Cote EP; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Whitlock R; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont., Devereaux PJ; School of Nursing (McGillion, Levesque, Lounsbury, Bird, Ouellette), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Population Health Research Institute (McGillion, Whitlock, Devereaux, Belley-Cote, Borges, Vincent, Lamy, Bangdiwala, Le Manach, Harvey, Conen), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Arellano), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Parlow, Shelley, DuMerton, Arellano), Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Belley-Cote, Yousef, Borges, Marcucci, Chaudhry, Haider, Guyatt, Patel, Conen, Tandon), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Whitlock, Devereaux, Marcucci, Bangdiwala, Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Critical Care and Anesthesiology (Jacka), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Adili, Harlock, Simunovic, Nenshi), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Adili, LeBlanc, Nenshi, Tandon), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Lalu, McCartney, Hamilton), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Moloo, Lalu, Halman, Forster, Hamilton), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sehmbi, Nagappa, Yang), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Meyer, Paulin, Pettit, Lamy, Lounsbury, Scott, Patel, Ouellette, O'Leary), Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia (Shanthanna, Paul, Le Manach, O'Leary), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Roshanov, Mrkobrada), Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Ofori), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa; Department of Medicine (Graham, Taylor), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Medicine (Halman, Forster), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing (Peter), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Marosi), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Deuchar), Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (Parry, Schlachta, Schemitsch), University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Williams), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Oncology (Meyer), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Pichora), Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Moloo), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; The Ottawa Hospital (Waggott), Ottawa, Ont. p.j.devereaux@phri.ca.

Publikováno v: CMAJ open [CMAJ Open] 2021 Mar 02; Vol. 9 (1), pp. E142-E148. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 02 (Print Publication: 2021).