Original research: Second IVIg course in Guillain-Barré syndrome with poor prognosis: the non-randomised ISID study

Autor: Verboon, C, van den Berg, B, Cornblath, Dr, Venema, E, Gorson, Kc, Lunn, Mp, Lingsma, H, Van den Bergh, P, Harbo, T, Bateman, K, Pereon, Y, Sindrup, Sh, Kusunoki, S, Miller, J, Islam, Z, Hartung, Hp, Chavada, G, Jacobs, Bc, Hughes, Rac, van Doorn PA, Ajroud-Driss S, IGOS Consortium., Antonini, G, Attarian, S, Barroso, Fa, Benedetti, L, Bertorini, Te, Brannagan, Th, Briani, C, Bhavaraju-Sanka, R, Butterworth, S, Casasnovas, C, Cavaletti, G, Chen, S, Claeys, Kg, Cosgrove, Js, Davidson, A, Dardiotis, E, Dornonville de la Cour, C, Faber, Cg, Feasby, Te, Fujioka, T, Galassi, G, Gilchrist, Jm, Goyal, Na, Granit, V, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, G, Hadden, Rdm, Holt, Jkl, Htut, M, Jericó Pascual, I, Karafiath, S, Katzberg, Hd, Kiers, L, Kieseier, Bc, Kimpinski, K, Kuwabara, S, Kwan, Jy, Ladha, Ss, Lawson, V, Lehmann, H, Manji, H, Marfia, Ga, Márquez Infante, C, Mattiazzi, Mg, Mcdermott, Cj, Monges, Ms, Morís de la Tassa, G, Nascimbene, C, Nobile Orazio, E, Nowak, Rj, Osei-Bonsu, M, Pardo Fernandez, J, Querol Gutierrez, L, Reisin, R, Rinaldi, S, Rojas-Marcos, I, Rudnicki, Sa, Schenone, A, Sedano Tous MJ, Shahrizaila, N, Sheikh, K, Silvestri, Nj, Sommer, Cl, Varrato, Jd, Verschuuren, J, Vytopil, Mv, Zhou, L, Bella, Ir, Bunschoten, C, Bürmann, J, Busby, M, Chao, Cc, Conti, Me, Dalakas, Mc, Van Damme, P, Doets, A, van Dijk GW, Dimachkie, Mm, Doppler, K, Echaniz-Laguna, A, Eftimov, F, Fazio, R, Fokke, C, Fulgenzi, Ea, Garssen, Mpj, Gijsbers, Cj, Gilhuis, J, Grapperon, A, Hsieh, St, Illa, I, Islam, B, Jellema, K, Kaida, K, Kokubun, N, Kolb, N, van Koningsveld, R, van der Kooi AJ, Kuitwaard, K, Landschoff Lassen, L, Leonhard, Se, Mandarakas, M, Martinez Hernandez, E, Mohammad, Qd, Pulley, M, Rajabally, Ya, Reddel, Sw, van der Ree, T, Roodbol, J, Sachs, Gm, Samijn, Jpa, Santoro, L, Stein, B, Vermeij, Fh, Visser, Lh, Willison, Hj, Wirtz, P, Zivkovich, Sa.

Publikováno v: Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 91(2), 113-121. BMJ Publishing Group
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 91(2):321496, 113-121. BMJ Publishing Group

ObjectiveTo compare disease course in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with a poor prognosis who were treated with one or with two intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) courses.MethodsFrom the International GBS Outcome Study, we selected pati

Externí odkaz: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::145516eb450725b9efdee64ceadb07ab
https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-321496

Proposal for a screening protocol for Candida auris colonization.

Autor: Leonhard SE; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Chong GM; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Foudraine DE; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Bode LGM; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Croughs P; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Popping S; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Schaftenaar E; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands., Klaassen CHW; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Severin JA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.severin@erasmusmc.nl.

Publikováno v: The Journal of hospital infection [J Hosp Infect] 2024 Apr; Vol. 146, pp. 31-36. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 27.

CSF Findings in Relation to Clinical Characteristics, Subtype, and Disease Course in Patients With Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

Autor: Al-Hakem H; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Doets AY; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Stino AM; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Zivkovic SA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Andersen H; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Willison HJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Cornblath DR; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Gorson KC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Islam Z; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Mohammad QD; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Sindrup SH; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Kusunoki S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Davidson A; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Casasnovas C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Bateman K; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Miller JAL; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., van den Berg B; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Verboon C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Roodbol J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Leonhard SE; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Arends S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Luijten LWG; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Benedetti L; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Kuwabara S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Van den Bergh P; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Monges S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Marfia GA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Shahrizaila N; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Galassi G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Pereon Y; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Bürmann J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Kuitwaard K; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Kleyweg RP; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Marchesoni C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Sedano Tous MJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Querol L; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Martín-Aguilar L; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Wang Y; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Nobile-Orazio E; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Rinaldi S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Schenone A; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Pardo J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Vermeij FH; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Waheed W; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Lehmann HC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Granit V; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Stein B; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Cavaletti G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Barroso FA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Visser LH; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Katzberg HD; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Dardiotis E; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Attarian S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., van der Kooi AJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Eftimov F; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Wirtz PW; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Samijn JPA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Gilhuis HJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Hadden RDM; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Holt JKL; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Sheikh KA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Kolb N; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Karafiath S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Vytopil M; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Antonini G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Feasby TE; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Faber C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Kramers H; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Busby M; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Roberts RC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Silvestri NJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Fazio R; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., van Dijk GW; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Garssen MPJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Verschuuren J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Harbo T; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Jacobs BC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands. b.jacobs@erasmusmc.nl.

Publikováno v: Neurology [Neurology] 2023 Jun 06; Vol. 100 (23), pp. e2386-e2397. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 19.

An International Perspective on Preceding Infections in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: The IGOS-1000 Cohort.

Autor: Leonhard SE; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., van der Eijk AA; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Andersen H; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Antonini G; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Arends S; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Attarian S; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Barroso FA; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Bateman KJ; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Batstra MR; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Benedetti L; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., van den Berg B; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Van den Bergh P; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Bürmann J; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Busby M; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Casasnovas C; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Cornblath DR; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Davidson A; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Doets AY; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., van Doorn PA; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Dornonville de la Cour C; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Feasby TE; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Fehmi J; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Garcia-Sobrino T; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Goldstein JM; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Gorson KC; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Granit V; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Hadden RDM; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Harbo T; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Hartung HP; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Hasan I; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Holbech JV; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Holt JKL; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Jahan I; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Islam Z; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Karafiath S; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Katzberg HD; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Kleyweg RP; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Kolb N; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Kuitwaard K; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Kuwahara M; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Kusunoki S; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Luijten LWG; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Kuwabara S; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Lee Pan E; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Lehmann HC; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Maas M; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Martín-Aguilar L; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Miller JAL; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Mohammad QD; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Monges S; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Nedkova-Hristova V; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Nobile-Orazio E; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Pardo J; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Pereon Y; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Querol L; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Reisin R; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Van Rijs W; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Rinaldi S; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Roberts RC; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Roodbol J; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Shahrizaila N; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Sindrup SH; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Stein B; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Cheng-Yin T; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Tankisi H; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Tio-Gillen AP; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Sedano Tous MJ; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Verboon C; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Vermeij FH; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Visser LH; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Huizinga R; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Willison HJ; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain., Jacobs BC; From the Departments of Neurology (S.E.L., S. Arends, B.v.d.B., A.Y.D., P.A.v.D., K.K., L.W.G.L., W.V.R., J.R., C.V., B.C.J.), and Viroscience (A.A.v.d.E.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Arends), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Division of Neurology (K.J.B., E.L.P.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department RH-MDC-Immunology (M.R.B., M.M.), Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), University Hospital St. Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.C., V.N.-H.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (A.D., H.J.W.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; National Hospital Copenhagen (C.D.d.l.C.), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.F., S.R.), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.G.-S., J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Spain; Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Electromyography (J.M.G.), Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (J.M.G.), New York; Department of Neurology (K.C.G., B.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (I.H., I.J., Z.I., Q.D.M.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (J.V.H., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology (R.P.K., K.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (L.M.-A., L.Q.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (R.R.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Immunology (W.V.R., A.P.T.-G., R.H., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (N.S., T.C.-Y.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (H.T.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (M.J.S.T.), Santander, Cantabria, Spain. b.jacobs@erasmusmc.nl.

Publikováno v: Neurology [Neurology] 2022 Sep 20; Vol. 99 (12), pp. e1299-e1313. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 18.

Predicting Outcome in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: International Validation of the Modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Score.

Autor: Doets AY; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Lingsma HF; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Walgaard C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Islam B; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Papri N; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Davidson A; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Yamagishi Y; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Kusunoki S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Dimachkie MM; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Waheed W; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Kolb N; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Islam Z; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Mohammad QD; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Harbo T; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Sindrup SH; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Chavada G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Willison HJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Casasnovas C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Bateman K; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Miller JAL; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., van den Berg B; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Verboon C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Roodbol J; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Leonhard SE; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Benedetti L; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Kuwabara S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Van den Bergh P; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Monges S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Marfia GA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Shahrizaila N; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Galassi G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Péréon Y; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Bürmann J; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Kuitwaard K; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Kleyweg RP; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Marchesoni C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Sedano Tous MJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Querol L; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Illa I; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Wang Y; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Nobile-Orazio E; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Rinaldi S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Schenone A; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Pardo J; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Vermeij FH; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Lehmann HC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Granit V; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Cavaletti G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Barroso FA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Visser LH; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Katzberg HD; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Dardiotis E; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Attarian S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., van der Kooi AJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Eftimov F; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Wirtz PW; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Samijn JPA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Gilhuis HJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Hadden RDM; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Holt JKL; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Sheikh KA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Karafiath S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Vytopil M; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Antonini G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Feasby TE; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Faber CG; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Gijsbers CJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Busby M; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Roberts RC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Silvestri NJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Fazio R; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., van Dijk GW; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Garssen MPJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Straathof CSM; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Gorson KC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA., Jacobs BC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA. b.jacobs@erasmusmc.nl.

Publikováno v: Neurology [Neurology] 2022 Feb 01; Vol. 98 (5), pp. e518-e532. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 22.