The Brain Tumor Segmentation - Metastases (BraTS-METS) Challenge 2023: Brain Metastasis Segmentation on Pre-treatment MRI.

Autor: Moawad AW; Trinity health Mid Atlantic Hosiptals, Darby, PA, USA., Janas A; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Baid U; Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA., Ramakrishnan D; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Saluja R; Department of Electical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA., Ashraf N; ImagineQuant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Jekel L; DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, German Cancer Consortium, DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany., Amiruddin R; ImagineQuant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Adewole M; Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria., Albrecht J; Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA., Anazodo U; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.; Medical Artificial Intelligence (MAI) lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria., Aneja S; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Anwar SM; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA., Bergquist T; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Calabrese E; Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA., Chiang V; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Chung V; Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA., Conte GMM; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Dako F; Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA., Eddy J; Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA., Ezhov I; Department of Informatics, Technical University Munich, Germany., Familiar A; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Farahani K; Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Iglesias JE; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Jiang Z; Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA., Johanson E; PrecisionFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA., Kazerooni AF; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Kofler F; Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany., Krantchev K; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., LaBella D; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA., Van Leemput K; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark., Li HB; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Linguraru MG; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA., Link KE; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA., Liu X; Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA., Maleki N; ImagineQuant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Meier Z; Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA., Menze BH; Biomedical Image Analysis & Machine Learning, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland., Moy H; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Osenberg K; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Piraud M; Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Munich, Germany., Reitman Z; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA., Shinohara RT; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Tahon NH; Radiology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA., Nada A; Trinity health Mid Atlantic Hosiptals, Darby, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Electical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; ImagineQuant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, German Cancer Consortium, DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA.; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.; Medical Artificial Intelligence (MAI) lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Informatics, Technical University Munich, Germany.; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; PrecisionFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA.; Biomedical Image Analysis & Machine Learning, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.; Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Munich, Germany.; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Radiology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Northwestern University, Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Visage Imaging, GmbH, Berlin, Germany.; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; GE HealthCare, San Ramon, CA, USA.; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Visage Imaging, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Neuroradiology Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Loyola University Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA.; Department of Radiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; Children's healthcare of Atlanta, GA, USA.; Carolina Radiology Associates, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA.; McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC, USA.; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.; University of Arkansas medical center, Little Rock, AR, USA.; NorthShore Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA.; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.; Albert Einstein Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteir, the Netherlands.; University College London, United Kingdom.; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.; Klinikum Hochrhein, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany.; Centro Universitario Euro-Americana (UNIEURO), Brasília, DF, Brazil.; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.; Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA.; University of Tennessee medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA.; Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Mental Health and Neuroscience research institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA.; Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM Montreal, Canada.; Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Departments of Neuroradiology & Biomedical Informatics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical school, Newark, NJ, USA.; Department of Radiology, AZ Monica, Antwerp Area, Belgium.; Medicolegal Imaging Experts LLC, Mercer Island, WA, USA.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.; MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, St.Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Keck School of medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Lahey Health Home, Burlington, MA, USA.; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.; George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.; Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine at Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Hempstead, New York, NY, USA.; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany.; Faculty of Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo - Egypt.; University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.; University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; Radiology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.; Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Radiology, Arad Hospital, Tehran, Iran.; Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Functional and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany.; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; Mathematical Oncology Laboratory & Department of Mathematics, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany.; Department of Neuroradiology, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre (CHLO), Portugal.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; Diagnostic Radiology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Department of Radiology/Division of Neuroradiology, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center/UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.; EDU Institute of Higher Education, Villa Bighi, Chaplain's House, Kalkara, Malta.; Bay Imaging Consultants, Walnut Creek, CA, USA.; Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados.; Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Mayo clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany.; Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, PA, USA.; C.M.H. Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.; Neuroradiology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal.; Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México.; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland Health, Australia.; Department of Radiology Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, North West School of Radiology, Manchester, United Kingdom.; Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Corewell Health West, MI, USA.; Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, India.; Windsor Regional Hospital, Western University, Ontario, Canada.; Artificial Intelligence & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Life Care Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy.; Department of Neuroradiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA.; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Department of Radiology, The American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico.; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of NeuroRadiology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University. Morgantown, WV, USA.; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.; University of Cagliari, School of Medicine and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy.; Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Factored, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; Center For Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Medical Working Group, MLCommons, San Fransisco, CA, USA.; Intel/MLCommons, Hillsboro, OR, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, CA, USA., Velichko YS; Northwestern University, Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA., Wang C; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA., Wiestler B; Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Wiggins W; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA., Shafique U; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA., Willms K; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Avesta A; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Bousabarah K; Visage Imaging, GmbH, Berlin, Germany., Chakrabarty S; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; GE HealthCare, San Ramon, CA, USA., Gennaro N; Northwestern University, Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA., Holler W; Visage Imaging, GmbH, Berlin, Germany., Kaur M; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., LaMontagne P; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA., Lin M; Visage Imaging, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA., Lost J; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Marcus DS; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA., Maresca R; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Merkaj S; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Nada A; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA., Pedersen GC; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., von Reppert M; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Sotiras A; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA., Teytelboym O; Trinity health Mid Atlantic Hosiptals, Darby, PA, USA., Tillmans N; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Westerhoff M; Visage Imaging, GmbH, Berlin, Germany., Youssef A; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Godfrey D; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA., Floyd S; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA., Rauschecker A; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA., Villanueva-Meyer J; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA., Pflüger I; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Cho J; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Bendszus M; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Brugnara G; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Cramer J; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA., Perez-Carillo GJG; Neuroradiology Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA., Johnson DR; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Kam A; Loyola University Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA., Kwan BYM; Department of Radiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada., Lai L; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA., Lall NU; Children's healthcare of Atlanta, GA, USA., Memon F; Carolina Radiology Associates, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA.; McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC, USA.; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Patro SN; University of Arkansas medical center, Little Rock, AR, USA., Petrovic B; NorthShore Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA., So TY; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR., Thompson G; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom., Wu L; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Schrickel EB; Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Bansal A; Albert Einstein Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA., Barkhof F; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteir, the Netherlands.; University College London, United Kingdom., Besada C; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Chu S; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Druzgal J; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA., Dusoi A; Klinikum Hochrhein, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany., Farage L; Centro Universitario Euro-Americana (UNIEURO), Brasília, DF, Brazil., Feltrin F; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA., Fong A; Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand., Fung SH; Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA., Gray RI; University of Tennessee medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA., Ikuta I; Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA., Iv M; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Postma AA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Mental Health and Neuroscience research institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands., Mahajan A; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Joyner D; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA., Krumpelman C; Department of Radiology, University of Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA., Letourneau-Guillon L; Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM Montreal, Canada., Lincoln CM; Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA., Maros ME; Departments of Neuroradiology & Biomedical Informatics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Miller E; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada., Morón F; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Nimchinsky EA; Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical school, Newark, NJ, USA., Ozsarlak O; Department of Radiology, AZ Monica, Antwerp Area, Belgium., Patel U; Medicolegal Imaging Experts LLC, Mercer Island, WA, USA., Rohatgi S; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Saha A; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA., Sayah A; MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA., Schwartz ED; Department of Radiology, St.Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA., Shih R; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA., Shiroishi MS; Keck School of medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Small JE; Lahey Health Home, Burlington, MA, USA., Tanwar M; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA., Valerie J; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Weinberg BD; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA., White ML; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA., Young R; George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA., Zohrabian VM; Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine at Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Hempstead, New York, NY, USA., Azizova A; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Brüßeler MMT; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany., Fehringer P; Faculty of Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany., Ghonim M; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Ghonim M; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo - Egypt., Gkampenis A; University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece., Okar A; University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany., Pasquini L; Radiology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA., Sharifi Y; Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran., Singh G; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA., Sollmann N; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Soumala T; Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece., Taherzadeh M; Department of Radiology, Arad Hospital, Tehran, Iran., Yordanov N; Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria., Vollmuth P; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Foltyn-Dumitru M; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Malhotra A; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Abayazeed AH; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Dellepiane F; Functional and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy., Lohmann P; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany.; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany., Pérez-García VM; Mathematical Oncology Laboratory & Department of Mathematics, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain., Elhalawani H; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Al-Rubaiey S; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany., Armindo RD; Department of Neuroradiology, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre (CHLO), Portugal., Ashraf K; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Asla MM; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt., Badawy M; Diagnostic Radiology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI., Bisschop J; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Lomer NB; Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Bukatz J; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany., Chen J; Department of Radiology/Division of Neuroradiology, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center/UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA., Cimflova P; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada., Corr F; EDU Institute of Higher Education, Villa Bighi, Chaplain's House, Kalkara, Malta., Crawley A; Bay Imaging Consultants, Walnut Creek, CA, USA., Deptula L; Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados., Elakhdar T; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Shawali IH; Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Faghani S; Department of Radiology, Mayo clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Frick A; Department of Neurosurgery, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany., Gulati V; Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, PA, USA., Haider MA; C.M.H. Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan., Hierro F; Neuroradiology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal., Dahl RH; Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark., Jacobs SM; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Hsieh KJ; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Kandemirli SG; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA., Kersting K; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany., Kida L; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany., Kollia S; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece., Koukoulithras I; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece., Li X; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA., Abouelatta A; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Mansour A; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Maria-Zamfirescu RC; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany., Marsiglia M; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Mateo-Camacho YS; Department of Neuroradiology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México., McArthur M; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA., McDonnell O; Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland Health, Australia., McHugh M; Department of Radiology Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, North West School of Radiology, Manchester, United Kingdom., Moassefi M; Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Morsi SM; Department of Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA., Muntenu A; Corewell Health West, MI, USA., Nandolia KK; Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, India., Naqvi SR; Windsor Regional Hospital, Western University, Ontario, Canada., Nikanpour Y; Artificial Intelligence & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Alnoury M; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA., Nouh AMA; Department of Radiology, Life Care Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone., Pappafava F; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy., Patel MD; Department of Neuroradiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom., Petrucci S; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Rawie E; Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Raymond S; Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA., Roohani B; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Sabouhi S; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Sanchez-Garcia LM; Department of Radiology, The American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico., Shaked Z; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany., Suthar PP; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA., Altes T; Radiology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA., Isufi E; Trinity health Mid Atlantic Hosiptals, Darby, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Electical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; ImagineQuant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, German Cancer Consortium, DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA.; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.; Medical Artificial Intelligence (MAI) lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Informatics, Technical University Munich, Germany.; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; PrecisionFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA.; Biomedical Image Analysis & Machine Learning, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.; Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Munich, Germany.; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Radiology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Northwestern University, Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Visage Imaging, GmbH, Berlin, Germany.; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; GE HealthCare, San Ramon, CA, USA.; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Visage Imaging, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Neuroradiology Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Loyola University Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA.; Department of Radiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; Children's healthcare of Atlanta, GA, USA.; Carolina Radiology Associates, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA.; McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC, USA.; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.; University of Arkansas medical center, Little Rock, AR, USA.; NorthShore Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA.; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.; Albert Einstein Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteir, the Netherlands.; University College London, United Kingdom.; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.; Klinikum Hochrhein, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany.; Centro Universitario Euro-Americana (UNIEURO), Brasília, DF, Brazil.; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.; Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA.; University of Tennessee medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA.; Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Mental Health and Neuroscience research institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA.; Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM Montreal, Canada.; Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Departments of Neuroradiology & Biomedical Informatics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical school, Newark, NJ, USA.; Department of Radiology, AZ Monica, Antwerp Area, Belgium.; Medicolegal Imaging Experts LLC, Mercer Island, WA, USA.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.; MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, St.Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Keck School of medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Lahey Health Home, Burlington, MA, USA.; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.; George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.; Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine at Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Hempstead, New York, NY, USA.; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany.; Faculty of Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo - Egypt.; University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.; University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; Radiology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.; Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Radiology, Arad Hospital, Tehran, Iran.; Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Functional and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany.; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; Mathematical Oncology Laboratory & Department of Mathematics, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany.; Department of Neuroradiology, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre (CHLO), Portugal.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; Diagnostic Radiology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Department of Radiology/Division of Neuroradiology, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center/UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.; EDU Institute of Higher Education, Villa Bighi, Chaplain's House, Kalkara, Malta.; Bay Imaging Consultants, Walnut Creek, CA, USA.; Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados.; Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Mayo clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany.; Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, PA, USA.; C.M.H. Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.; Neuroradiology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal.; Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México.; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland Health, Australia.; Department of Radiology Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, North West School of Radiology, Manchester, United Kingdom.; Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Corewell Health West, MI, USA.; Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, India.; Windsor Regional Hospital, Western University, Ontario, Canada.; Artificial Intelligence & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Life Care Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy.; Department of Neuroradiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA.; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Department of Radiology, The American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico.; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of NeuroRadiology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University. Morgantown, WV, USA.; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.; University of Cagliari, School of Medicine and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy.; Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Factored, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; Center For Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Medical Working Group, MLCommons, San Fransisco, CA, USA.; Intel/MLCommons, Hillsboro, OR, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, CA, USA., Dhermesh Y; Trinity health Mid Atlantic Hosiptals, Darby, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Electical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; ImagineQuant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, German Cancer Consortium, DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA.; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.; Medical Artificial Intelligence (MAI) lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Informatics, Technical University Munich, Germany.; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; PrecisionFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA.; Biomedical Image Analysis & Machine Learning, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.; Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Munich, Germany.; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Radiology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Northwestern University, Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Visage Imaging, GmbH, Berlin, Germany.; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; GE HealthCare, San Ramon, CA, USA.; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Visage Imaging, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Neuroradiology Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Loyola University Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA.; Department of Radiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; Children's healthcare of Atlanta, GA, USA.; Carolina Radiology Associates, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA.; McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC, USA.; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.; University of Arkansas medical center, Little Rock, AR, USA.; NorthShore Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA.; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.; Albert Einstein Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteir, the Netherlands.; University College London, United Kingdom.; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.; Klinikum Hochrhein, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany.; Centro Universitario Euro-Americana (UNIEURO), Brasília, DF, Brazil.; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.; Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA.; University of Tennessee medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA.; Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Mental Health and Neuroscience research institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA.; Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM Montreal, Canada.; Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Departments of Neuroradiology & Biomedical Informatics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical school, Newark, NJ, USA.; Department of Radiology, AZ Monica, Antwerp Area, Belgium.; Medicolegal Imaging Experts LLC, Mercer Island, WA, USA.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.; MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, St.Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Keck School of medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Lahey Health Home, Burlington, MA, USA.; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.; George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.; Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine at Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Hempstead, New York, NY, USA.; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany.; Faculty of Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo - Egypt.; University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.; University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; Radiology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.; Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Radiology, Arad Hospital, Tehran, Iran.; Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Functional and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany.; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; Mathematical Oncology Laboratory & Department of Mathematics, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany.; Department of Neuroradiology, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre (CHLO), Portugal.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; Diagnostic Radiology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Department of Radiology/Division of Neuroradiology, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center/UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.; EDU Institute of Higher Education, Villa Bighi, Chaplain's House, Kalkara, Malta.; Bay Imaging Consultants, Walnut Creek, CA, USA.; Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados.; Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Mayo clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany.; Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, PA, USA.; C.M.H. Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.; Neuroradiology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal.; Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México.; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland Health, Australia.; Department of Radiology Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, North West School of Radiology, Manchester, United Kingdom.; Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Corewell Health West, MI, USA.; Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, India.; Windsor Regional Hospital, Western University, Ontario, Canada.; Artificial Intelligence & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Life Care Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy.; Department of Neuroradiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA.; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Department of Radiology, The American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico.; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of NeuroRadiology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University. Morgantown, WV, USA.; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.; University of Cagliari, School of Medicine and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy.; Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Factored, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; Center For Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Medical Working Group, MLCommons, San Fransisco, CA, USA.; Intel/MLCommons, Hillsboro, OR, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, CA, USA., Gass J; Trinity health Mid Atlantic Hosiptals, Darby, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Electical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; ImagineQuant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, German Cancer Consortium, DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA.; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.; Medical Artificial Intelligence (MAI) lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Informatics, Technical University Munich, Germany.; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; PrecisionFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA.; Biomedical Image Analysis & Machine Learning, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.; Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Munich, Germany.; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Radiology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Northwestern University, Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Visage Imaging, GmbH, Berlin, Germany.; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; GE HealthCare, San Ramon, CA, USA.; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Visage Imaging, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Neuroradiology Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Loyola University Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA.; Department of Radiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; Children's healthcare of Atlanta, GA, USA.; Carolina Radiology Associates, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA.; McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC, USA.; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.; University of Arkansas medical center, Little Rock, AR, USA.; NorthShore Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA.; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.; Albert Einstein Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteir, the Netherlands.; University College London, United Kingdom.; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.; Klinikum Hochrhein, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany.; Centro Universitario Euro-Americana (UNIEURO), Brasília, DF, Brazil.; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.; Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA.; University of Tennessee medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA.; Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Mental Health and Neuroscience research institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA.; Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM Montreal, Canada.; Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Departments of Neuroradiology & Biomedical Informatics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical school, Newark, NJ, USA.; Department of Radiology, AZ Monica, Antwerp Area, Belgium.; Medicolegal Imaging Experts LLC, Mercer Island, WA, USA.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.; MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, St.Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Keck School of medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Lahey Health Home, Burlington, MA, USA.; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.; George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.; Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine at Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Hempstead, New York, NY, USA.; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany.; Faculty of Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo - Egypt.; University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.; University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; Radiology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.; Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Radiology, Arad Hospital, Tehran, Iran.; Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Functional and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany.; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; Mathematical Oncology Laboratory & Department of Mathematics, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany.; Department of Neuroradiology, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre (CHLO), Portugal.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; Diagnostic Radiology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Department of Radiology/Division of Neuroradiology, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center/UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.; EDU Institute of Higher Education, Villa Bighi, Chaplain's House, Kalkara, Malta.; Bay Imaging Consultants, Walnut Creek, CA, USA.; Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados.; Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Mayo clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany.; Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, PA, USA.; C.M.H. Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.; Neuroradiology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal.; Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México.; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland Health, Australia.; Department of Radiology Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, North West School of Radiology, Manchester, United Kingdom.; Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Corewell Health West, MI, USA.; Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, India.; Windsor Regional Hospital, Western University, Ontario, Canada.; Artificial Intelligence & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Life Care Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy.; Department of Neuroradiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA.; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Department of Radiology, The American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico.; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of NeuroRadiology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University. Morgantown, WV, USA.; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.; University of Cagliari, School of Medicine and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy.; Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Factored, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; Center For Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Medical Working Group, MLCommons, San Fransisco, CA, USA.; Intel/MLCommons, Hillsboro, OR, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, CA, USA., Thacker J; Trinity health Mid Atlantic Hosiptals, Darby, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Electical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; ImagineQuant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, German Cancer Consortium, DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA.; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.; Medical Artificial Intelligence (MAI) lab, Crestview Radiology, Lagos, Nigeria.; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Informatics, Technical University Munich, Germany.; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; PrecisionFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA.; Biomedical Image Analysis & Machine Learning, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.; Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Munich, Germany.; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Radiology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Northwestern University, Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Visage Imaging, GmbH, Berlin, Germany.; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; GE HealthCare, San Ramon, CA, USA.; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Visage Imaging, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Neuroradiology Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Loyola University Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA.; Department of Radiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; Children's healthcare of Atlanta, GA, USA.; Carolina Radiology Associates, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA.; McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC, USA.; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.; University of Arkansas medical center, Little Rock, AR, USA.; NorthShore Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA.; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.; Albert Einstein Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.; Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteir, the Netherlands.; University College London, United Kingdom.; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.; Klinikum Hochrhein, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany.; Centro Universitario Euro-Americana (UNIEURO), Brasília, DF, Brazil.; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.; Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA.; University of Tennessee medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA.; Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Mental Health and Neuroscience research institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA.; Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM Montreal, Canada.; Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Departments of Neuroradiology & Biomedical Informatics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical school, Newark, NJ, USA.; Department of Radiology, AZ Monica, Antwerp Area, Belgium.; Medicolegal Imaging Experts LLC, Mercer Island, WA, USA.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.; MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.; Department of Radiology, St.Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Keck School of medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Lahey Health Home, Burlington, MA, USA.; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.; George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.; Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine at Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Hempstead, New York, NY, USA.; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany.; Faculty of Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo - Egypt.; University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.; University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; Radiology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.; Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Radiology, Arad Hospital, Tehran, Iran.; Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Functional and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany.; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; Mathematical Oncology Laboratory & Department of Mathematics, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin, Germany.; Department of Neuroradiology, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre (CHLO), Portugal.; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; Diagnostic Radiology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Department of Radiology/Division of Neuroradiology, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center/UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.; EDU Institute of Higher Education, Villa Bighi, Chaplain's House, Kalkara, Malta.; Bay Imaging Consultants, Walnut Creek, CA, USA.; Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados.; Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Mayo clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany.; Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, PA, USA.; C.M.H. Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.; Neuroradiology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal.; Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neuroradiology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México.; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland Health, Australia.; Department of Radiology Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, North West School of Radiology, Manchester, United Kingdom.; Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Corewell Health West, MI, USA.; Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, India.; Windsor Regional Hospital, Western University, Ontario, Canada.; Artificial Intelligence & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Life Care Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy.; Department of Neuroradiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA.; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Department of Radiology, The American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico.; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of NeuroRadiology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University. Morgantown, WV, USA.; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.; University of Cagliari, School of Medicine and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy.; Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Factored, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; Center For Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Medical Working Group, MLCommons, San Fransisco, CA, USA.; Intel/MLCommons, Hillsboro, OR, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, CA, USA., Tarabishy AR; Department of NeuroRadiology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University. Morgantown, WV, USA., Turner B; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom., Vacca S; University of Cagliari, School of Medicine and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy., Vilanilam GK; Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA., Warren D; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA., Weiss D; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Willms K; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Worede F; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Yousry S; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Lerebo W; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Aristizabal A; MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Factored, Palo Alto, CA, USA., Karargyris A; MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA., Kassem H; MLCommons, San Francisco, CA, USA., Pati S; Center For Federated Learning in Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Medical Working Group, MLCommons, San Fransisco, CA, USA., Sheller M; Intel/MLCommons, Hillsboro, OR, USA., Bakas S; Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA., Rudie JD; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, CA, USA., Aboian M; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Publikováno v: ArXiv [ArXiv] 2024 Jun 17. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 17.

A Holistic Approach to a Dizzy Patient: A Practical Update.

Autor: Koukoulithras I; Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC., Drousia G; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC., Kolokotsios S; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC., Plexousakis M; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC., Stamouli A; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC., Roussos C; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC., Xanthi E; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC.

Publikováno v: Cureus [Cureus] 2022 Aug 04; Vol. 14 (8), pp. e27681. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 04 (Print Publication: 2022).

A Biopsychosocial Model-Based Clinical Approach in Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Autor: Koukoulithras I; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece, Athens, GRC., Plexousakis M; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Greece, Athens, GRC., Kolokotsios S; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Greece, Athens, GRC., Stamouli A; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Greece, Athens, GRC., Mavrogiannopoulou C; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Greece, Athens, GRC.

Publikováno v: Cureus [Cureus] 2021 Apr 28; Vol. 13 (4), pp. e14737. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 28.

The Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Upon Pregnancy-Related Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Autor: Koukoulithras I Sr; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ioannina, Athens, GRC., Stamouli A; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC., Kolokotsios S; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC., Plexousakis M Sr; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC., Mavrogiannopoulou C; Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC.

Publikováno v: Cureus [Cureus] 2021 Jan 30; Vol. 13 (1), pp. e13011. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 30.