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pro vyhledávání: '"Khalilifar, Samaneh"'
Until the rise of the Safavids, Guilan enjoyed relative independence and was governed by local governments. Guilan's local rulers had political and economic relations with governments outside Guilan, especially the Safavids and the Ottomans. Guilan's
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For investigate the Islamic geography heritage, one can study the case of the geographers' works so that the process of its appearance, formation, development and finally its stagnancy, can be identified. Ibn Khurdadbeh is one of the founders of the
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Jizya is one of the pre-Islamic taxes that have been signed in the Islamic era in accordance with the goals and aspirations of the Islamic society. Non-Muslims living in the Islamic realm (ahl ul-ḏimmah) paid tribute to the Islamic ruler in order t
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The study of the historical geography of cities, both in terms of geographychr('39')s impact on historical events and in the sense of their naming, is one of the historical studies that helps the historian by using this method, in addition to analyzi
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