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Publikováno v:
ETS Research Report Series. 1993:i-36
The Test of Written English (TWE), administered with certain designated TOEFL® examinations, consists of a single essay prompt to which examinees have 30 minutes to respond. It was introduced in 1986 to provide TOEFL score users with a direct measur
Publikováno v:
ETS Research Report Series. 1987:i-35
Traditionally, test item difficulty is a statistical concept, defined in terms of the performance of examinees rather than in terms of intrinsic properties of the item itself. A clearer understanding of the association between item properties and exa