Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Autor: Abrough, Fekri, Acharya, Subhash P, Amin, Pravin, Arabi, Yaseen, Aragao, Irene, Bauer, Philippe, Beduneau, Gaëtan, Beitler, Jeremy, Berkius, Johan, Bugedo, Guillermo, Camporota, Luigi, Cerny, Vladimir, Cho, Young-Jae, Clarkson, Kevin, Estenssoro, Elisa, Goligher, Ewan, Grasselli, Giacomo, Gritsan, Alexey, Hashemian, Seyed Mohammadreza, Hermans, Greet, Heunks, Leo M, Jovanovic, Bojan, Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu, Laake, Jon Henrik, Matamis, Dimitrios, Moerer, Onnen, Molnar, Zsolt, Ozyilmaz, Ezgi, Panka, Bernardo, Papali, Alfred, Peñuelas, Óscar, Perbet, Sébastien, Piquilloud, Lise, Qiu, Haibo, Razek, Assem Abdel, Rittayamai, Nuttapol, Roldan, Rollin, Serpa Neto, Ary, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty, Talmor, Daniel, Tomescu, Dana, Van Haren, Frank, Villagomez, Asisclo, Zeggwagh, Amine Ali, Abe, Toshikazu, Aboshady, Abdelrhman, Acampo-de Jong, Melanie, Acharya, Subhash, Adderley, Jane, Adiguzel, Nalan, Agrawal, Vijay Kumar, Aguilar, Gerardo, Aguirre, Gaston, Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan, Ahlström, Björn, Akbas, Türkay, Akker, Mustafa, Al Sadeh, Ghamdan, Alamri, Sultan, Algaba, Angela, Ali, Muneeb, Aliberti, Anna, Allegue, Jose Manuel, Alvarez, Diana, Amador, Joaquin, Andersen, Finn H, Ansari, Sharique, Apichatbutr, Yutthana, Apostolopoulou, Olympia, Arellano, Daniel, Arica, Mestanza, Arikan, Huseyin, Arinaga, Koichi, Arnal, Jean-Michel, Asano, Kengo, Asín-Corrochano, Marta, Avalos Cabrera, Jesus Milagrito, Avila Fuentes, Silvia, Aydemir, Semih, Aygencel, Gulbin, Azevedo, Luciano, Bacakoglu, Feza, Badie, Julio, Baedorf Kassis, Elias, Bai, Gabriela, Balaraj, Govindan, Ballico, Bruno, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Banwarie, Preveen, Barbieri, Rosella, Baronia, Arvind, Barrett, Jonathan, Barrot, Loïc, Barrueco-Francioni, Jesus Emilio, Barry, Jeffrey, Bawangade, Harshal, Beavis, Sarah, Beck, Eduardo, Beehre, Nina, Belenguer Muncharaz, Alberto, Bellani, Giacomo, Belliato, Mirko, Bellissima, Agrippino, Beltramelli, Rodrigo, Ben Souissi, Asma, Benitez-Cano, Adela, Benlamin, Mohamed, Benslama, Abdellatif, Bento, Luis, Benvenuti, Daniela, Bernabe, Laura, Bersten, Andrew, Berta, Giacomo, Bertini, Pietro, Bertram-Ralph, Elliot, Besbes, Mohamed, Bettini, Lisandro Roberto, Beuret, Pascal, Bewley, Jeremy, Bezzi, Marco, Bhakhtiani, Lakshay, Bhandary, Rakesh, Bhowmick, Kaushik, Bihari, Shailesh, Bissett, Bernie, Blythe, David, Bocher, Simon, Boedjawan, Narain, Bojanowski, Christine M, Boni, Elisa, Boraso, Sabrina, Borelli, Massimo, Borello, Silvina, Borislavova, Margarita, Bosma, Karen J, Bottiroli, Maurizio, Boyd, Owen, Bozbay, Suha, Briva, Arturo, Brochard, Laurent, Bruel, Cédric, Bruni, Andrea, Buehner, Ulrike, Bulpa, Pierre, Burt, Karen, Buscot, Mathieu, Buttera, Stefania, Cabrera, Jorge, Caccese, Roberta, Caironi, Pietro, Canchos Gutierrez, Ivan, Canedo, Nancy, Cani, Alma, Cappellini, Iacopo, Carazo, Jesus, Cardonnet, Luis Pablo, Carpio, David, Carriedo, Demetrio, Carrillo, Ramón, Carvalho, João, Caser, Eliana, Castelli, Antonio, Castillo Quintero, Manuel, Castro, Heloisa, Catorze, Nuno, Cengiz, Melike, Cereijo, Enrique, Ceunen, Helga, Chaintoutis, Christos, Chang, Youjin, Chaparro, Gustavogcha, Chapman, Carmel, Chau, Simon, Chavez, Cecilia Eugenia, Chelazzi, Cosimo, Chelly, Jonathan, Chemouni, Frank, Chen, Kai, Chena, Ariel, Chiarandini, Paolo, Chilton, Phil, Chiumello, Davide, Chou-Lie, Yvette, Chudeau, Nicolas, Cinel, Ismail, Cinnella, Gilda, Clark, Michele, Clark, Thomas, Clementi, Stefano, Coaguila, Luis, Codecido, Alexis Jaspe, Collins, Amy, Colombo, Riccardo, Conde, Juan, Consales, Guglielmo, Cook, Tim, Coppadoro, Andrea, Cornejo, Rodrigo, Cortegiani, Andrea, Coxo, Cristina, Cracchiolo, Andrea Neville, Crespo Ramirez, Mónica, Crova, Philippe, Cruz, José, Cubattoli, Lucia, Çukurova, Zafer, Curto, Francesco, Czempik, Piotr, D'Andrea, Rocco, da Silva Ramos, Fernando, Dangers, Laurence, Danguy des Déserts, Marc, Danin, Pierre-Eric, Dantas, Fabianne, Daubin, Cédric, Dawei, Wu, de Haro, Candelaria, de Jesus Montelongo, Felipe, De Mendoza, 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Prol-Silva, Estefania, Pugh, Richard, Qi, Yupeng, Qian, Chuanyun, Qin, Tiehe, Qu, Hongping, Quintana, Teobaldo, Quispe Sierra, Rosari, Quispe Soto, Rocio, Rabbani, Raihan, Rabee, Mohamed, Rabie, Ahmed, Rahe Pereira, Maria Augusta, Rai, Ashish, Raj Ashok, Sundar, Rajab, Mostafa, Ramdhani, Navin, Ramey, Elizabeth, Ranieri, Marco, Rathod, Darshana, Ray, Banambar, Redwanul Huq, Shihan Mahmud, Regli, Adrian, Reina, Rosa, Resano Sarmiento, Natalia, Reynaud, Faustine, Rialp, Gemma, Ricart, Pilar, Rice, Todd, Richardson, Angus, Rieder, Marcelo, Rinket, Martin, Rios, Fernando, Risso Vazquez, Alejandro, Riva, Ivano, Rivette, Monaly, Roca, Oriol, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Rodriguez, Covadonga, Rodriguez, Gabriel, Rodriguez Gonzalez, Daniel, Rodriguez Tucto, Xandra Yanina, Rogers, Angela, Romano, María Elena, Rørtveit, Linda, Rose, Alastair, Roux, Damien, Rouze, Anahita, Rubatto Birri, Paolo Nahuel, Ruilan, Wang, Ruiz Robledo, Aldana, Ruiz-Aguilar, Antonio Luis, Sadahiro, Tomohito, Saez, Ignacio, Sagardia, Judith, Saha, Rajnish, Saha, Rohit, Saiphoklang, Narongkorn, Saito, Shigeki, Salem, Maie, Sales, Gabriele, Salgado, Patricia, Samavedam, Srinivas, Sami Mebazaa, Mhamed, Samuelsson, Line, San Juan Roman, Nandyelly, Sanchez, Patricia, Sanchez-Ballesteros, Jesus, Sandoval, Yazcitk, Sani, Emanuele, Santos, Martin, Santos, Carla, Sanui, Masamitsu, Saravanabavan, Lakshmikanthcharan, Sari, Sema, Sarkany, Agnes, Sauneuf, Bertrand, Savioli, Monica, Sazak, Hilal, Scano, Riccardo, Schneider, Francis, Schortgen, Frédérique, Schultz, Marcus J, Schwarz, Gabriele Leonie, Seçkin Yücesoy, Faruk, Seely, Andrew, Seiler, Frederik, Seker Tekdos, Yasemin, Seok Chan, Kim, Serano, Luca, Serednicki, Wojciech, Setten, Mariano, Shah, Asim, Shah, Bhagyesh, Shang, You, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Shapovalov, Konstantin, Shebl, Eman, Shiga, Takuya, Shime, Nobuaki, Shin, Phil, Short, Jack, Shuhua, Chen, Siddiqui, Sughrat, Silesky Jimenez, Juan Ignacio, Silva, Daniel, Silva Sales, Betania, Simons, Koen, 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Martial, Tilouch, Nejla, Timenetsky, Karina, Tirapu, Juna, Todeschini, Manuel, Tomas, Roser, Tomaszewski, Christian, Tonetti, Tommaso, Tonnelier, Alexandre, Trinder, John, Trongtrakul, Konlawij, Truwit, Jonathon, Tsuei, Betty, Tulaimat, Aiman, Turan, Sema, Turkoglu, Melda, Tyagi, Sanjeev, Ubeda, Alejandro, Vagginelli, Federica, Valenti, María Florencia, Vallverdu, Imma, Van Axel, Alisha, van den Hul, Ingrid, van der Hoeven, Hans, Van Der Meer, Nardo, Vanhoof, Marc, Vargas-Ordoñez, Mónica, Vaschetto, Rosanna, Vascotto, Ettore, Vatsik, Maria, Vaz, Ana, Vazquez-Sanchez, Antonia, Ventura, Sara, Vermeijden, Jan Wytze, Vidal, Anxela, Vieira, Jocyelle, Vilela Costa Pinto, Bruno, Villagra, Ana, Villegas Succar, Cristina, Vinorum, Ole Georg, Vitale, Giovanni, Vj, Ramesh, Vochin, Ana, Voiriot, Guillaume, Volta, Carlo Alberto, von Seth, Magnus, Wajdi, Maazouzi, Walsh, Don, Wang, Shouhong, Wardi, Gabriel, Ween-Velken, Nils Christian, Wei, Bi-Lin, Weller, Dolf, Welsh, Deborah, Welters, Ingeborg, Wert, Michael, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Elizabeth, Williams, Erin, Williams, Karen, Wilson, Antoinette, Wojtas, Jadwiga, Won Huh, Jin, Wrathall, David, Wright, Christopher, Wu, Jian-Feng, Xi, Guo, Xing, Zheng-Jiang, Xu, Hongyang, Yamamoto, Kotaro, Yan, Jie, Yáñez, Julio, Yang, Xiaobo, Yates, Elliot, Yazicioglu Mocin, Ozlem, Ye, Zhenglong, Yildirim, Fatma, Yoshida, Norifumi, Yoshido, Hector Higo Leon, Young Lee, Bo, Yu, Rongguo, Yu, Gong, Yu, Tao, Yuan, Boyun, Yuangtrakul, Nadwipa, Yumoto, Tetsuya, Yun, Xie, Zakalik, Graciela, Zaki, Ahmad, Zalba-Etayo, Begoña, Zambon, Massimo, Zang, Bin, Zani, Gianluca, Zarka, Jonathan, Zerbi, Simone Maria, Zerman, Avsar, Zetterquist, Harald, Zhang, Jiuzhi, Zhang, Hongwen, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Guoxiu, Zhang, Weixin, Zhao, Hongsheng, Zheng, Jia, Zhu, Bin, Zumaran, Ronald, Pham, Tài, Madotto, Fabiana, Goligher, Ewan C, Mancebo, Jordi ^*, Peñuelas, Oscar, Pesenti, Antonio, Wunsch, Hannah, van Haren, Frank, Laffey, John G ^{*, *}

Publikováno v: In The Lancet Respiratory Medicine May 2023 11(5):465-476

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Long-term effects of restriction of intravenous fluid in adult ICU patients with septic shock

Autor: Kjær, Maj-Brit Nørregaard, Meyhoff, Tine Sylvest, Sivapalan, Praleene, Granholm, Anders, Hjortrup, Peter Buhl, Madsen, Martin Bruun, Møller, Morten Hylander, Egerod, Ingrid, Wetterslev, Jørn, Lange, Theis, Cronhjort, Maria, Laake, Jon Henrik, Jakob, Stephan M, Nalos, Marek, Ostermann, Marlies, Gould, Doug, Cecconi, Maurizio, Malbrain, Manu L N G, Ahlstedt, Christian, Kiel, Louise Bendix, Bestle, Morten H, Nebrich, Lars, Hildebrandt, Thomas, Russell, Lene, Vang, Marianne, Rasmussen, Michael Lindhart, Sølling, Christoffer, Brøchner, Anne Craveiro, Krag, Mette, Pfortmueller, Carmen, Kriz, Miroslav, Siegemund, Martin, Albano, Giovanni, Aagaard, Søren Rosborg, Bundgaard, Helle, Crone, Vera, Wichmann, Sine, Johnstad, Bror, Martin, Yvonne Karin, Seidel, Philipp, Mårtensson, Johan, Hollenberg, Jacob, Wistrand, Mats, Donati, Abele, Barbara, Enrico, Karvunidis, Thomas, Hollinger, Alexa, Carsetti, Andrea, Lumlertgul, Nuttha, Joelsson-Alm, Eva, Lambiris, Nikolas, Aslam, Tayyba Naz, Friberg, Fredrik Femtehjell, Vesterlund, Gitte Kingo, Mortensen, Camilla Bekker, Vestergaard, Stine Rom, Caspersen, Sidsel Fjordbak, Jensen, Diana Bertelsen, Borup, Morten, Rasmussen, Bodil Steen, Perner, Anders

Publikováno v: Kjær, Maj-Brit Nørregaard; Meyhoff, Tine Sylvest; Sivapalan, Praleene; Granholm, Anders; Hjortrup, Peter Buhl; Madsen, Martin Bruun; Møller, Morten Hylander; Egerod, Ingrid; Wetterslev, Jørn; Lange, Theis; Cronhjort, Maria; Laake, Jon Henrik; Jakob, Stephan M; Nalos, Marek; Ostermann, Marlies; Gould, Doug; Cecconi, Maurizio; Malbrain, Manu L N G; Ahlstedt, Christian; Kiel, Louise Bendix; ... (2023). Long-term effects of restriction of intravenous fluid in adult ICU patients with septic shock. Intensive care medicine, 49(7), pp. 820-830. Springer 10.1007/s00134-023-07114-8
Kjær, M B N, Meyhoff, T S, Sivapalan, P, Granholm, A, Hjortrup, P B, Madsen, M B, Møller, M H, Egerod, I, Wetterslev, J, Lange, T, Cronhjort, M, Laake, J H, Jakob, S M, Nalos, M, Ostermann, M, Gould, D, Cecconi, M, Malbrain, M L N G, Ahlstedt, C, Kiel, L B, Bestle, M H, Nebrich, L, Hildebrandt, T, Russell, L, Vang, M, Rasmussen, M L, Sølling, C, Brøchner, A C, Krag, M, Pfortmueller, C, Kriz, M, Siegemund, M, Albano, G, Aagaard, S R, Bundgaard, H, Crone, V, Wichmann, S, Johnstad, B, Martin, Y K, Seidel, P, Mårtensson, J, Hollenberg, J, Wistrand, M, Donati, A, Barbara, E, Karvunidis, T, Hollinger, A, Carsetti, A, Lumlertgul, N, Joelsson-Alm, E, Lambiris, N, Aslam, T N, Friberg, F F, Vesterlund, G K, Mortensen, C B, Vestergaard, S R, Caspersen, S F, Jensen, D B, Borup, M, Rasmussen, B S & Perner, A 2023, ' Long-term effects of restriction of intravenous fluid in adult ICU patients with septic shock ', Intensive Care Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-023-07114-8

Purpose To assess long-term outcomes of restrictive versus standard intravenous (IV) fluid therapy in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with septic shock included in the European Conservative versus Liberal Approach to Fluid Therapy in Septic

Externí odkaz: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a1bce43b9007159563f04c25bf50b5f5
https://boris.unibe.ch/183516/1/s00134-023-07114-8.pdf

Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock

Autor: Meyhoff, Tine S., Hjortrup, Peter B., Wetterslev, Jørn, Sivapalan, Praleene, Laake, Jon H., Cronhjort, Maria, Jakob, Stephan M., Cecconi, Maurizio, Nalos, Marek, Ostermann, Marlies, Malbrain, Manu, Pettilä, Ville, Møller, Morten H., Kjær, Maj-Brit N., Lange, Theis, Overgaard-Steensen, Christian, Brand, Björn A., Winther-Olesen, Marie, White, Jonathan O., Quist, Lars, Westergaard, Bo, Jonsson, Andreas B., Hjortsø, Carl J.S., Meier, Nick, Jensen, Thomas S., Engstrøm, Janus, Nebrich, Lars, Andersen-Ranberg, Nina C., Jensen, Jacob V., Joseph, Neeliya A., Poulsen, Lone M., Herløv, Louise S., Sølling, Christoffer G., Pedersen, Susan K., Knudsen, Kurt K., Straarup, Therese S., Vang, Marianne L., Bundgaard, Helle, Rasmussen, B. S., Aagaard, S. R., Hildebrandt, Thomas, Russell, Lene, Bestle, Morten H., Schønemann-Lund, Martin, Brøchner, Anne C., Elvander, Claes F., Hoffmann, Søren K.L., Rasmussen, Michael L., Martin, Yvonne K., Friberg, Fredrik F., Seter, Herman, Aslam, Tayyba N., Ådnøy, Sigrid, Seidel, Philipp, Strand, Kristian, Johnstad, Bror, Joelsson-Alm, Eva, Christensen, Jens, Ahlstedt, Christian, Pfortmueller, Carmen A., Siegemund, Martin, Greco, Massimiliano, Raděj, Jaroslav, Kříž, Miroslav, Gould, Doug W., Rowan, Kathy M., Mouncey, Paul R., Perner, Anders, Siegumfeldt, Rine Moulvad, Vestergaard, Stine Rom

Publikováno v: Meyhoff, T S, Hjortrup, P B, Wetterslev, J, Sivapalan, P, Laake, J H, Cronhjort, M, Jakob, S M, Cecconi, M, Nalos, M, Ostermann, M, Malbrain, M, Pettilä, V, Møller, M H, Kjær, M-B N, Lange, T, Overgaard-Steensen, C, Brand, B A, Winther-Olesen, M, White, J O, Quist, L, Westergaard, B, Jonsson, A B, Hjortsø, C J S, Meier, N, Jensen, T S, Engstrøm, J, Nebrich, L, Andersen-Ranberg, N C, Jensen, J V, Joseph, N A, Poulsen, L M, Herløv, L S, Sølling, C G, Pedersen, S K, Knudsen, K K, Straarup, T S, Vang, M L, Bundgaard, H, Rasmussen, B S, Aagaard, S R, Hildebrandt, T, Russell, L, Bestle, M H, Schønemann-Lund, M, Brøchner, A C, Elvander, C F, Hoffmann, S K L, Rasmussen, M L, Martin, Y K, Friberg, F F, Seter, H, Aslam, T N, Ådnøy, S, Seidel, P, Strand, K, Johnstad, B, Joelsson-Alm, E, Christensen, J, Ahlstedt, C, Pfortmueller, C A, Siegemund, M, Greco, M, Raděj, J, Kříž, M, Gould, D W, Rowan, K M, Mouncey, P R, Perner, A, CLASSIC Trial Group, Siegumfeldt, R M & Vestergaard, S R 2022, ' Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock ', The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 386, no. 26, pp. 2459-2470 . https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2202707
CLASSIC Trial Group 2022, ' Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock ', The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 386, no. 26, pp. 2459-2470 . https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2202707
Meyhoff, T S, Hjortrup, P B, Wetterslev, J, Sivapalan, P, Laake, J H, Cronhjort, M, Jakob, S M, Cecconi, M, Nalos, M, Ostermann, M, Malbrain, M, Pettilä, V, Møller, M H, Kjær, M B N, Lange, T, Overgaard-Steensen, C, Brand, B A, Winther-Olesen, M, White, J O, Quist, L, Westergaard, B, Jonsson, A D B, Hjortsø, C J S, Meier, N, Jensen, T S, Engstrøm, J, Nebrich, L, Andersen-Ranberg, N C, Jensen, J V, Joseph, N A, Poulsen, L M, Herløv, L S, Sølling, C G, Pedersen, S K, Knudsen, K K, Straarup, T S, Vang, M L, Bundgaard, H, Rasmussen, B S, Aagaard, S R, Hildebrandt, T, Russell, L, Bestle, M H, Schønemann-Lund, M, Brøchner, A C, Elvander, C F, Hoffmann, S K L, Rasmussen, M L, Martin, Y K, Friberg, F F & CLASSIC Trial Group 2022, ' Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock ', New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 386, no. 26, pp. 2459-2470 . https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2202707
Meyhoff, T S, Hjortrup, P B, Wetterslev, J, Sivapalan, P, Laake, J H, Cronhjort, M, Jakob, S M, Cecconi, M, Nalos, M, Ostermann, M, Malbrain, M, Pettila, V, Møller, M H, Kjaer, M-B N, Lange, T, Overgaard-Steensen, C, Brand, B A, Winther-Olesen, M, White, J O, Quist, L, Westergaard, B, Jonsson, A B, Hjortso, C J S, Meier, N, Jensen, T S, Engstrom, J, Nebrich, L, Andersen-Ranberg, N C, Jensen, J V, Joseph, N A, Poulsen, L M, Herlov, L S, Solling, C G, Pedersen, S K, Knudsen, K K, Straarup, T S, Vang, M L, Bundgaard, H, Rasmussen, B S, Aagaard, S R, Hildebrandt, T, Russell, L, Bestle, M H, Schonemann-Lund, M, Brochner, A C, Elvander, C F, Hoffmann, S K L, Rasmussen, M L, Martin, Y K, Friberg, F F, Seter, H, Aslam, T N, Adnoy, S, Seidel, P, Strand, K, Johnstad, B, Joelsson-Alm, E, Christensen, J, Ahlstedt, C, Pfortmueller, C A, Siegemund, M, Greco, M, Radej, J, Kriz, M, Gould, D W, Rowan, K M, Mouncey, P R & Perner, A 2022, ' Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock ', New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 386, pp. 2459-2470 . https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2202707

BACKGROUND: Intravenous fluids are recommended for the treatment of patients who are in septic shock, but higher fluid volumes have been associated with harm in patients who are in the intensive care unit (ICU).METHODS: In this international, randomi

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https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/9eac7765-86f2-4d3c-856f-6537ab1cecb6

Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock.

Autor: Meyhoff TS; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Hjortrup PB; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Wetterslev J; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Sivapalan P; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Laake JH; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Cronhjort M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Jakob SM; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Cecconi M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Nalos M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Ostermann M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Malbrain M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Pettilä V; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Møller MH; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Kjær MN; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Lange T; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Overgaard-Steensen C; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Brand BA; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Winther-Olesen M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., White JO; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Quist L; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Westergaard B; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Jonsson AB; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Hjortsø CJS; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Meier N; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Jensen TS; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Engstrøm J; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Nebrich L; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Andersen-Ranberg NC; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Jensen JV; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Joseph NA; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Poulsen LM; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Herløv LS; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Sølling CG; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Pedersen SK; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Knudsen KK; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Straarup TS; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Vang ML; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Bundgaard H; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Rasmussen BS; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Aagaard SR; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Hildebrandt T; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Russell L; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Bestle MH; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Schønemann-Lund M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Brøchner AC; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Elvander CF; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Hoffmann SKL; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Rasmussen ML; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Martin YK; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Friberg FF; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Seter H; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Aslam TN; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Ådnøy S; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Seidel P; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Strand K; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Johnstad B; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Joelsson-Alm E; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Christensen J; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Ahlstedt C; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Pfortmueller CA; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Siegemund M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Greco M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Raděj J; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Kříž M; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Gould DW; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Rowan KM; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Mouncey PR; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.)., Perner A; From Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (T.S.M., P.B.H., P. Sivapalan, M.H.M., M-B.N.K., C.O.-S., B.A.B., M.W.-O., J.O.W., L.Q., B.W., A.B.J., C.J.S.H., N.M., T.S.J., A.P.), the Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J.W., J.E.), the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (T.L.), Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg (S.K.L.H.), Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.N., N.C.A.-R., J.V.J., N.A.J., L.M.P., L.S.H.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., S.K.P., K.K.K., T.S.S.), Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., L.R.), Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød (M.H.B., M.S.-L.), Kolding Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding (A.C.B., C.F.E.), and Herning Hospital, Herning (M.L.R.) - all in Denmark; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A., S.Å.), Hospital Østfold Kalnes, Grålum (Y.K.M., F.F.F., H.S.), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger (P. Seidel, K.S.), and Hospital Innland Hamar, Hamar (B.J.) - all in Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (M. Cronhjort, E.J.-A., J.C.), and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge (C.A.) - both in Sweden; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (S.M.J., C.A.P.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S.) - both in Switzerland; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan (M. Cecconi, M.G.); University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic (M.N., J.R., M.K.); Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital (M.O.) and the Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (D.W.G., K.M.R., P.R.M.) - both in London; University Hospital Brussels, Brussels (M.M.); and the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (V.P.).

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2022 Jun 30; Vol. 386 (26), pp. 2459-2470. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 17.