Theoretical model for the thermal conductivity of a packed bed of solid spheroids in the presence of a static gas, with no adjustable parameters except at low pressure and temperature

Autor: Slavin, A.J., Arcas, V., Greenhalgh, C.A., Irvine, E.R., Marshall, D.B.

Publikováno v: In International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2002 45(20):4151-4161

Five-Year Outcomes of Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement.

Autor: Makkar RR; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Thourani VH; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Mack MJ; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Kodali SK; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Kapadia S; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Webb JG; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Yoon SH; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Trento A; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Svensson LG; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Herrmann HC; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Szeto WY; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Miller DC; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Satler L; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Cohen DJ; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Dewey TM; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Babaliaros V; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Williams MR; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Kereiakes DJ; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Zajarias A; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Greason KL; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Whisenant BK; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Hodson RW; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Brown DL; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Fearon WF; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Russo MJ; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Pibarot P; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Hahn RT; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Jaber WA; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Rogers E; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Xu K; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Wheeler J; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Alu MC; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Smith CR; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Leon MB; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.).

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2020 Jan 29; Vol. 382 (9), pp. 799-809. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 29 (Print Publication: 2020).