Zobrazeno 1 - 10
of 58
pro vyhledávání: '"Hilary C Martin"'
Autor:
Sam Hodgson, Qin Qin Huang, Neneh Sallah, Genes & Health Research Team, Chris J Griffiths, William G Newman, Richard C Trembath, John Wright, R Thomas Lumbers, Karoline Kuchenbaecker, David A van Heel, Rohini Mathur, Hilary C Martin, Sarah Finer
Publikováno v:
PLoS Medicine, Vol 19, Iss 5, p e1003981 (2022)
BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is highly prevalent in British South Asians, yet they are underrepresented in research. Genes & Health (G&H) is a large, population study of British Pakistanis and Bangladeshis (BPB) comprising genomic and routine heal
Externí odkaz:
https://doaj.org/article/62845c8652514e528a945b09500a0c31
Autor:
Benjamin M. Jacobs, Daniel Stow, Sam Hodgson, Julia Zöllner, Miriam Samuel, Stavroula Kanoni, Saeed Bidi, Genes & Health Research Team, Klaudia Walter, Claudia Langenberg, Ruth Dobson, Sarah Finer, Caroline Morton, Moneeza K. Siddiqui, Hilary C. Martin, Maik Pietzner, Rohini Mathur, David A. van Heel
Publikováno v:
Nature Communications, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)
Abstract Understanding the genetic basis of routinely-acquired blood tests can provide insights into several aspects of human physiology. We report a genome-wide association study of 42 quantitative blood test traits defined using Electronic Healthca
Externí odkaz:
https://doaj.org/article/a55af57d72a54cd593f54dfaf2d077e0
Autor:
Adam Pavlinek, Dwaipayan Adhya, Alex Tsompanidis, Varun Warrier, Anthony C. Vernon, Madeline Lancaster, Jonathan Mill, Deepak P. Srivastava, Simon Baron-Cohen, Carrie Allison, Rosie Holt, Paula Smith, Tracey Parsons, Joanna Davis, Matthew Hassall, Daniel H. Geschwind, Alexander EP. Heazell, Alice Franklin, Rosie Bamford, Jonathan Davies, Matthew E. Hurles, Hilary C. Martin, Mahmoud Mousa, David H. Rowitch, Kathy K. Niakan, Graham J. Burton, Fateneh Ghafari, Lucia Dutan-Polit, Madeline A. Lancaster, Ilaria Chiaradia, Tal Biron-Shental, Lidia V. Gabis
Publikováno v:
Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Vol 4, Iss 5, Pp 100343- (2024)
Sex differences are widespread during neurodevelopment and play a role in neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism, which is more prevalent in males than females. In humans, males have been shown to have larger brain volumes than females with devel
Externí odkaz:
https://doaj.org/article/696dcf6345f647389e6fcc214263b982
Autor:
Emilie M. Wigdor, Kaitlin E. Samocha, Ruth Y. Eberhardt, V. Kartik Chundru, Helen V. Firth, Caroline F. Wright, Matthew E. Hurles, Hilary C. Martin
Publikováno v:
Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2024)
Abstract Recent work has revealed an important role for rare, incompletely penetrant inherited coding variants in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Additionally, we have previously shown that common variants contribute to risk for rare NDDs. Here,
Externí odkaz:
https://doaj.org/article/c0f75227db5d4c79801f5124d7f09ecb
Autor:
Stavroula Kanoni, Sarah E. Graham, Yuxuan Wang, Ida Surakka, Shweta Ramdas, Xiang Zhu, Shoa L. Clarke, Konain Fatima Bhatti, Sailaja Vedantam, Thomas W. Winkler, Adam E. Locke, Eirini Marouli, Greg J. M. Zajac, Kuan-Han H. Wu, Ioanna Ntalla, Qin Hui, Derek Klarin, Austin T. Hilliard, Zeyuan Wang, Chao Xue, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Anna Helgadottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Isleifur Olafsson, Mi Yeong Hwang, Sohee Han, Masato Akiyama, Saori Sakaue, Chikashi Terao, Masahiro Kanai, Wei Zhou, Ben M. Brumpton, Humaira Rasheed, Aki S. Havulinna, Yogasudha Veturi, Jennifer Allen Pacheco, Elisabeth A. Rosenthal, Todd Lingren, QiPing Feng, Iftikhar J. Kullo, Akira Narita, Jun Takayama, Hilary C. Martin, Karen A. Hunt, Bhavi Trivedi, Jeffrey Haessler, Franco Giulianini, Yuki Bradford, Jason E. Miller, Archie Campbell, Kuang Lin, Iona Y. Millwood, Asif Rasheed, George Hindy, Jessica D. Faul, Wei Zhao, David R. Weir, Constance Turman, Hongyan Huang, Mariaelisa Graff, Ananyo Choudhury, Dhriti Sengupta, Anubha Mahajan, Michael R. Brown, Weihua Zhang, Ketian Yu, Ellen M. Schmidt, Anita Pandit, Stefan Gustafsson, Xianyong Yin, Jian’an Luan, Jing-Hua Zhao, Fumihiko Matsuda, Hye-Mi Jang, Kyungheon Yoon, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Achilleas Pitsillides, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Andrew R. Wood, Yingji Ji, Zishan Gao, Simon Haworth, Noha A. Yousri, Ruth E. Mitchell, Jin Fang Chai, Mette Aadahl, Anne A. Bjerregaard, Jie Yao, Ani Manichaikul, Chii-Min Hwu, Yi-Jen Hung, Helen R. Warren, Julia Ramirez, Jette Bork-Jensen, Line L. Kårhus, Anuj Goel, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Raymond Noordam, Pala Mauro, Floris Matteo, Aaron F. McDaid, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Matthias Wielscher, Stella Trompet, Naveed Sattar, Line T. Møllehave, Matthias Munz, Lingyao Zeng, Jianfeng Huang, Bin Yang, Alaitz Poveda, Azra Kurbasic, Claudia Lamina, Lukas Forer, Markus Scholz, Tessel E. Galesloot, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Sanni E. Ruotsalainen, EWarwick Daw, Joseph M. Zmuda, Jonathan S. Mitchell, Christian Fuchsberger, Henry Christensen, Jennifer A. Brody, Miguel Vazquez-Moreno, Mary F. Feitosa, Mary K. Wojczynski, Zhe Wang, Michael H. Preuss, Massimo Mangino, Paraskevi Christofidou, Niek Verweij, Jan W. Benjamins, Jorgen Engmann, Noah L. Tsao, Anurag Verma, Roderick C. Slieker, Ken Sin Lo, Nuno R. Zilhao, Phuong Le, Marcus E. Kleber, Graciela E. Delgado, Shaofeng Huo, Daisuke D. Ikeda, Hiroyuki Iha, Jian Yang, Jun Liu, Ayşe Demirkan, Hampton L. Leonard, Jonathan Marten, Mirjam Frank, Börge Schmidt, Laura J. Smyth, Marisa Cañadas-Garre, Chaolong Wang, Masahiro Nakatochi, Andrew Wong, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Xueling Sim, Rui Xia, Alicia Huerta-Chagoya, Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez, Valeriya Lyssenko, Suraj S. Nongmaithem, Swati Bayyana, Heather M. Stringham, Marguerite R. Irvin, Christopher Oldmeadow, Han-Na Kim, Seungho Ryu, Paul R. H. J. Timmers, Liubov Arbeeva, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Leslie A. Lange, Gauri Prasad, Laura Lorés-Motta, Marc Pauper, Jirong Long, Xiaohui Li, Elizabeth Theusch, Fumihiko Takeuchi, Cassandra N. Spracklen, Anu Loukola, Sailalitha Bollepalli, Sophie C. Warner, Ya Xing Wang, Wen B. Wei, Teresa Nutile, Daniela Ruggiero, Yun Ju Sung, Shufeng Chen, Fangchao Liu, Jingyun Yang, Katherine A. Kentistou, Bernhard Banas, Giuseppe Giovanni Nardone, Karina Meidtner, Lawrence F. Bielak, Jennifer A. Smith, Prashantha Hebbar, Aliki-Eleni Farmaki, Edith Hofer, Maoxuan Lin, Maria Pina Concas, Simona Vaccargiu, Peter J. van der Most, Niina Pitkänen, Brian E. Cade, Sander W. van der Laan, Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala, Stefan Weiss, Amy R. Bentley, Ayo P. Doumatey, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Jong Young Lee, Eva R. B. Petersen, Aneta A. Nielsen, Hyeok Sun Choi, Maria Nethander, Sandra Freitag-Wolf, Lorraine Southam, Nigel W. Rayner, Carol A. Wang, Shih-Yi Lin, Jun-Sing Wang, Christian Couture, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Kjell Nikus, Gabriel Cuellar-Partida, Henrik Vestergaard, Bertha Hidalgo, Olga Giannakopoulou, Qiuyin Cai, Morgan O. Obura, Jessica van Setten, Xiaoyin Li, Jingjing Liang, Hua Tang, Natalie Terzikhan, Jae Hun Shin, Rebecca D. Jackson, Alexander P. Reiner, Lisa Warsinger Martin, Zhengming Chen, Liming Li, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Joachim Thiery, Joshua C. Bis, Lenore J. Launer, Huaixing Li, Mike A. Nalls, Olli T. Raitakari, Sahoko Ichihara, Sarah H. Wild, Christopher P. Nelson, Harry Campbell, Susanne Jäger, Toru Nabika, Fahd Al-Mulla, Harri Niinikoski, Peter S. Braund, Ivana Kolcic, Peter Kovacs, Tota Giardoglou, Tomohiro Katsuya, Dominique de Kleijn, Gert J. de Borst, Eung Kweon Kim, Hieab H. H. Adams, M. Arfan Ikram, Xiaofeng Zhu, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Adriaan O. Kraaijeveld, Joline W. J. Beulens, Xiao-Ou Shu, Loukianos S. Rallidis, Oluf Pedersen, Torben Hansen, Paul Mitchell, Alex W. Hewitt, Mika Kähönen, Louis Pérusse, Claude Bouchard, Anke Tönjes, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Craig E. Pennell, Trevor A. Mori, Wolfgang Lieb, Andre Franke, Claes Ohlsson, Dan Mellström, Yoon Shin Cho, Hyejin Lee, Jian-Min Yuan, Woon-Puay Koh, Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong-Taek Woo, Iris M. Heid, Klaus J. Stark, Martina E. Zimmermann, Henry Völzke, Georg Homuth, Michele K. Evans, Alan B. Zonderman, Ozren Polasek, Gerard Pasterkamp, Imo E. Hoefer, Susan Redline, Katja Pahkala, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Harold Snieder, Ginevra Biino, Reinhold Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Stefania Bandinelli, George Dedoussis, Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Patricia A. Peyser, Norihiro Kato, Matthias B. Schulze, Giorgia Girotto, Carsten A. Böger, Bettina Jung, Peter K. Joshi, David A. Bennett, Philip L. De Jager, Xiangfeng Lu, Vasiliki Mamakou, Morris Brown, Mark J. Caulfield, Patricia B. Munroe, Xiuqing Guo, Marina Ciullo, Jost B. Jonas, Nilesh J. Samani, Jaakko Kaprio, Päivi Pajukanta, Teresa Tusié-Luna, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Linda S. Adair, Sonny Augustin Bechayda, H. Janaka de Silva, Ananda R. Wickremasinghe, Ronald M. Krauss, Jer-Yuarn Wu, Wei Zheng, Anneke Iden Hollander, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, Adolfo Correa, James G. Wilson, Lars Lind, Chew-Kiat Heng, Amanda E. Nelson, Yvonne M. Golightly, James F. Wilson, Brenda Penninx, Hyung-Lae Kim, John Attia, Rodney J. Scott, D. C. Rao, Donna K. Arnett, Steven C. Hunt, Mark Walker, Heikki A. Koistinen, Giriraj R. Chandak, Josep M. Mercader, Maria C. Costanzo, Dongkeun Jang, Noël P. Burtt, Clicerio Gonzalez Villalpando, Lorena Orozco, Myriam Fornage, EShyong Tai, Rob M. van Dam, Terho Lehtimäki, Nish Chaturvedi, Mitsuhiro Yokota, Jianjun Liu, Dermot F. Reilly, Amy Jayne McKnight, Frank Kee, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Mark I. McCarthy, Colin N. A. Palmer, Veronique Vitart, Caroline Hayward, Eleanor Simonsick, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Zi-Bing Jin, Jia Qu, Haretsugu Hishigaki, Xu Lin, Winfried März, Vilmundur Gudnason, Jean-Claude Tardif, Guillaume Lettre, Leen M.‘t Hart, Petra J. M. Elders, Scott M. Damrauer, Meena Kumari, Mika Kivimaki, Pim van der Harst, Tim D. Spector, Ruth J. F. Loos, Michael A. Province, Esteban J. Parra, Miguel Cruz, Bruce M. Psaty, Ivan Brandslund, Peter P. Pramstaller, Charles N. Rotimi, Kaare Christensen, Samuli Ripatti, Elisabeth Widén, Hakon Hakonarson, Struan F. A. Grant, Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney, Jacqueline de Graaf, Markus Loeffler, Florian Kronenberg, Dongfeng Gu, Jeanette Erdmann, Heribert Schunkert, Paul W. Franks, Allan Linneberg, J. Wouter Jukema, Amit V. Khera, Minna Männikkö, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Zoltan Kutalik, Cucca Francesco, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Ko Willems van Dijk, Hugh Watkins, David P. Strachan, Niels Grarup, Peter Sever, Neil Poulter, Lee-Ming Chuang, Jerome I. Rotter, Thomas M. Dantoft, Fredrik Karpe, Matt J. Neville, Nicholas J. Timpson, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien-Yin Wong, Chiea Chuen Khor, Hengtong Li, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Annette Peters, Christian Gieger, Andrew T. Hattersley, Nancy L. Pedersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Dorret I. Boomsma, Allegonda H. M. Willemsen, LAdrienne Cupples, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Mohsen Ghanbari, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Wei Huang, Young Jin Kim, Yasuharu Tabara, Nicholas J. Wareham, Claudia Langenberg, Eleftheria Zeggini, Johanna Kuusisto, Markku Laakso, Erik Ingelsson, Goncalo Abecasis, John C. Chambers, Jaspal S. Kooner, Paul S. de Vries, Alanna C. Morrison, Scott Hazelhurst, Michèle Ramsay, Kari E. North, Martha Daviglus, Peter Kraft, Nicholas G. Martin, John B. Whitfield, Shahid Abbas, Danish Saleheen, Robin G. Walters, Michael V. Holmes, Corri Black, Blair H. Smith, Aris Baras, Anne E. Justice, Julie E. Buring, Paul M. Ridker, Daniel I. Chasman, Charles Kooperberg, Gen Tamiya, Masayuki Yamamoto, David A. van Heel, Richard C. Trembath, Wei-Qi Wei, Gail P. Jarvik, Bahram Namjou, M. Geoffrey Hayes, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Pekka Jousilahti, Veikko Salomaa, Kristian Hveem, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Michiaki Kubo, Yoichiro Kamatani, Yukinori Okada, Yoshinori Murakami, Bong-Jo Kim, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson, Jifeng Zhang, YEugene Chen, Yuk-Lam Ho, Julie A. Lynch, Daniel J. Rader, Philip S. Tsao, Kyong-Mi Chang, Kelly Cho, Christopher J. O’Donnell, John M. Gaziano, Peter W. F. Wilson, Timothy M. Frayling, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Sekar Kathiresan, Karen L. Mohlke, Yan V. Sun, Andrew P. Morris, Michael Boehnke, Christopher D. Brown, Pradeep Natarajan, Panos Deloukas, Cristen J. Willer, Themistocles L. Assimes, Gina M. Peloso
Publikováno v:
Genome Biology, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-42 (2022)
Abstract Background Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings
Externí odkaz:
https://doaj.org/article/9cd978d7630d4adaa824100bc31d1ef2
Autor:
Jamie M. Ellingford, Joo Wook Ahn, Richard D. Bagnall, Diana Baralle, Stephanie Barton, Chris Campbell, Kate Downes, Sian Ellard, Celia Duff-Farrier, David R. FitzPatrick, John M. Greally, Jodie Ingles, Neesha Krishnan, Jenny Lord, Hilary C. Martin, William G. Newman, Anne O’Donnell-Luria, Simon C. Ramsden, Heidi L. Rehm, Ebony Richardson, Moriel Singer-Berk, Jenny C. Taylor, Maggie Williams, Jordan C. Wood, Caroline F. Wright, Steven M. Harrison, Nicola Whiffin
Publikováno v:
Genome Medicine, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2022)
Abstract Background The majority of clinical genetic testing focuses almost exclusively on regions of the genome that directly encode proteins. The important role of variants in non-coding regions in penetrant disease is, however, increasingly being
Externí odkaz:
https://doaj.org/article/592317068741464ab4f2701a8ccc78e4
Autor:
Ying Wang, Shinichi Namba, Esteban Lopera, Sini Kerminen, Kristin Tsuo, Kristi Läll, Masahiro Kanai, Wei Zhou, Kuan-Han Wu, Marie-Julie Favé, Laxmi Bhatta, Philip Awadalla, Ben Brumpton, Patrick Deelen, Kristian Hveem, Valeria Lo Faro, Reedik Mägi, Yoshinori Murakami, Serena Sanna, Jordan W. Smoller, Jasmina Uzunovic, Brooke N. Wolford, Cristen Willer, Eric R. Gamazon, Nancy J. Cox, Ida Surakka, Yukinori Okada, Alicia R. Martin, Jibril Hirbo, Kuan-Han H. Wu, Humaira Rasheed, Jibril B. Hirbo, Arjun Bhattacharya, Huiling Zhao, Esteban A. Lopera-Maya, Sinéad B. Chapman, Juha Karjalainen, Mitja Kurki, Maasha Mutaamba, Juulia J. Partanen, Ben M. Brumpton, Sameer Chavan, Tzu-Ting Chen, Michelle Daya, Yi Ding, Yen-Chen A. Feng, Christopher R. Gignoux, Sarah E. Graham, Whitney E. Hornsby, Nathan Ingold, Ruth Johnson, Triin Laisk, Kuang Lin, Jun Lv, Iona Y. Millwood, Priit Palta, Anita Pandit, Michael H. Preuss, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Matthew Zawistowski, Xue Zhong, Archie Campbell, Kristy Crooks, Geertruida H. de Bock, Nicholas J. Douville, Sarah Finer, Lars G. Fritsche, Christopher J. Griffiths, Yu Guo, Karen A. Hunt, Takahiro Konuma, Riccardo E. Marioni, Jansonius Nomdo, Snehal Patil, Nicholas Rafaels, Anne Richmond, Jonathan A. Shortt, Peter Straub, Ran Tao, Brett Vanderwerff, Kathleen C. Barnes, Marike Boezen, Zhengming Chen, Chia-Yen Chen, Judy Cho, George Davey Smith, Hilary K. Finucane, Lude Franke, Andrea Ganna, Tom R. Gaunt, Tian Ge, Hailiang Huang, Jennifer Huffman, Jukka T. Koskela, Clara Lajonchere, Matthew H. Law, Liming Li, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Ruth J.F. Loos, Stuart MacGregor, Koichi Matsuda, Catherine M. Olsen, David J. Porteous, Jordan A. Shavit, Harold Snieder, Richard C. Trembath, Judith M. Vonk, David Whiteman, Stephen J. Wicks, Cisca Wijmenga, John Wright, Jie Zheng, Xiang Zhou, Michael Boehnke, Daniel H. Geschwind, Caroline Hayward, Eimear E. Kenny, Yen-Feng Lin, Hilary C. Martin, Sarah E. Medland, Aarno V. Palotie, Bogdan Pasaniuc, Kari Stefansson, David A. van Heel, Robin G. Walters, Sebastian Zöllner, Cristen J. Willer, Mark J. Daly, Benjamin M. Neale
Publikováno v:
Cell Genomics, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 100241- (2023)
Summary: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been widely explored in precision medicine. However, few studies have thoroughly investigated their best practices in global populations across different diseases. We here utilized data from Global Biobank M
Externí odkaz:
https://doaj.org/article/ab70f310dfdd4e7dbc3dc7fc2ba9b939
Autor:
Michael C. Honigberg, Buu Truong, Raiyan R. Khan, Brenda Xiao, Laxmi Bhatta, Ha My T. Vy, Rafael F. Guerrero, Art Schuermans, Margaret Sunitha Selvaraj, Aniruddh P. Patel, Satoshi Koyama, So Mi Jemma Cho, Shamsudheen Karuthedath Vellarikkal, Mark Trinder, Sarah M. Urbut, Kathryn J. Gray, Ben M. Brumpton, Snehal Patil, Sebastian Zöllner, Mariah C. Antopia, Richa Saxena, Girish N. Nadkarni, Ron Do, Qi Yan, Itsik Pe’er, Shefali Setia Verma, Rajat M. Gupta, David M. Haas, Hilary C. Martin, David A. van Heel, Triin Laisk, Pradeep Natarajan
Publikováno v:
Nature Medicine.
Autor:
Emilie M. Wigdor, Kaitlin E. Samocha, Ruth Y. Eberhardt, V. Kartik Chundru, Helen V. Firth, Caroline F. Wright, Matthew E. Hurles, Hilary C. Martin
Recent work has revealed an important role for rare, incompletely penetrant inherited coding variants in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Additionally, we have previously shown that common variants contribute to risk for rare NDDs. Here, we inves
Externí odkaz:
https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::0c96c62bd29688eef22e62c5d003f9c9
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.20.23288860
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.20.23288860
Autor:
Anthony P. Coll, MN Bedenbaugh, DT Porter, David H. Rowitch, John R. B. Perry, D A van Heel, X Dai, Rachel N. Lippert, Debra Rimmington, A. L. Gonçalves Soares, Felix R. Day, Duckett K, Patrick Sweeney, Zhaoyang Xu, Ahsan Nabi Khan, Hilary C. Martin, John Tadross, Roger D. Cone, Brian Y.H. Lam, Klj Ellacott, Richard B. Simerly, J Rosmaninho-Salgado, Alice E. Williamson, Gkc Dowsett, Sarah Finer, Irene Cimino, Giles S.H. Yeo, Audrey Melvin, Kara Rainbow, Claudia Langenberg, Stephen O'Rahilly, Nicholas J. Wareham, Katherine Ridley, Richard C. Trembath, Staffan Holmqvist, Sophie Buller, N J Timpson, Kaitlin H Wade, Ken K. Ong, Elena G. Bochukova
Publikováno v:
Nature
2021, ' MC3R links nutritional state to childhood growth and the timing of puberty ', Nature, vol. 599, no. 7885, pp. 436-441 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04088-9
2021, ' MC3R links nutritional state to childhood growth and the timing of puberty ', Nature, vol. 599, no. 7885, pp. 436-441 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04088-9
The state of somatic energy stores in metazoans is communicated to the brain, which regulates key aspects of behaviour, growth, nutrient partitioning and development1. The central melanocortin system acts through melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) to con