MRI Radiogenomics of Pediatric Medulloblastoma: A Multicenter Study.

Autor: Zhang M; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Wong SW; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Wright JN; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Wagner MW; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Toescu S; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Han M; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Tam LT; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Zhou Q; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Ahmadian SS; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Shpanskaya K; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Lummus S; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Lai H; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Eghbal A; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Radmanesh A; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Nemelka J; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Harward S 2nd; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Malinzak M; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Laughlin S; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Perreault S; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Braun KRM; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Lober RM; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Cho YJ; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Ertl-Wagner B; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Ho CY; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Mankad K; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Vogel H; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Cheshier SH; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Jacques TS; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Aquilina K; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Fisher PG; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Taylor M; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Poussaint T; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Vitanza NA; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Grant GA; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Pfister S; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Thompson E; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Jaju A; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Ramaswamy V; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.)., Yeom KW; From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).

Publikováno v: Radiology [Radiology] 2022 Aug; Vol. 304 (2), pp. 406-416. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 19.