Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate.

Autor: Ewers RM; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK. r.ewers@imperial.ac.uk., Orme CDL; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Pearse WD; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Zulkifli N; Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia., Yvon-Durocher G; School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Yusah KM; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, London, UK., Yoh N; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.; The Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA., Yeo DCJ; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Wong A; Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Williamson J; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK., Wilkinson CL; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Wiederkehr F; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland., Webber BL; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia., Wearn OR; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Fauna & Flora International, Hanoi, Vietnam., Wai L; Danau Girang Field Centre, Kinabatangan, Malaysia., Vollans M; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Twining JP; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA., Turner EC; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Department of Zoology, The David Attenborough Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Tobias JA; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Thorley J; Department of Zoology, The David Attenborough Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Telford EM; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Teh YA; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK., Tan HH; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Swinfield T; Department of Zoology, The David Attenborough Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Svátek M; Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic., Struebig M; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK., Stork N; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Sleutel J; Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium., Slade EM; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore., Sharp A; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Conservation & Fisheries Directorate, Ascension Island Government, Georgetown, St Helena Island., Shabrani A; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.; WWF-Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Sethi SS; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Seaman DJI; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK., Sawang A; South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership, Danum Valley Field Centre, Lahad Datu, Malaysia.; Sabah State Museum, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Roxby GB; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Rowcliffe JM; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK., Rossiter SJ; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Riutta T; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK., Rahman H; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Qie L; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK., Psomas E; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Oxitec, Abingdon, UK., Prairie A; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA., Poznansky F; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK., Pillay R; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.; Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada., Picinali L; Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK., Pianzin A; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Pfeifer M; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK., Parrett JM; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Noble CD; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Nilus R; Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, Malaysia., Mustaffa N; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Mullin KE; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK., Mitchell S; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK., Mckinlay AR; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Maunsell S; School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Matula R; Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic., Massam M; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK., Martin S; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Field Programmes Department, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, La Profonde Rue, Jersey., Malhi Y; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Majalap N; Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, Malaysia., Maclean CS; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Mackintosh E; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia., Luke SH; Department of Zoology, The David Attenborough Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Lewis OT; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Layfield HJ; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Lane-Shaw I; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Department of Wood and Forest Science, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada., Kueh BH; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Kratina P; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Konopik O; Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany., Kitching R; School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Kinneen L; School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Department of Sustainable Land Management, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK., Kemp VA; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Jotan P; Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic., Jones N; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK., Jebrail EW; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Hroneš M; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic., Heon SP; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership, Danum Valley Field Centre, Lahad Datu, Malaysia., Hemprich-Bennett DR; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Haysom JK; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK., Harianja MF; Department of Zoology, The David Attenborough Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Hardwick J; School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Marine Resources Unit, Department of Environment, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands., Gregory N; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA., Gray R; South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership, Danum Valley Field Centre, Lahad Datu, Malaysia., Gray REJ; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Granville N; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Gill R; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Fraser A; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Foster WA; Department of Zoology, The David Attenborough Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Folkard-Tapp H; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Fletcher RJ; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Fikri AH; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Fayle TM; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic., Faruk A; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Haywards Heath, UK., Eggleton P; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK., Edwards DP; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK., Drinkwater R; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Dow RA; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.; Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands., Döbert TF; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia.; Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada., Didham RK; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia., Dickinson KJM; Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand., Deere NJ; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK., de Lorm T; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Dawood MM; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Davison CW; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Davies ZG; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK., Davies RG; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Dančák M; Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic., Cusack J; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Okala, London, UK., Clare EL; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Chung A; Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, Malaysia., Chey VK; Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, Malaysia., Chapman PM; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; BSG Ecology, Witney, UK., Cator L; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Carpenter D; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK., Carbone C; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK., Calloway K; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK., Bush ER; Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Burslem DFRP; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK., Brown KD; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK., Brooks SJ; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK., Brasington E; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Brant H; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Boyle MJW; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong., Both S; School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia., Blackman J; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Bishop TR; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Bicknell JE; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK., Bernard H; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Basrur S; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK., Barclay MVL; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK., Barclay H; School of Science, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia., Atton G; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Ancrenaz M; Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.; Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia., Aldridge DC; Department of Zoology, The David Attenborough Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Daniel OZ; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK., Reynolds G; South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership, Danum Valley Field Centre, Lahad Datu, Malaysia., Banks-Leite C; Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.

Publikováno v: Nature [Nature] 2024 Jul; Vol. 631 (8022), pp. 808-813. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 17.