Postoperative Rheumatic Heart Disease Follow-Up: Creating a National Registry and First Results from Rwanda

Autor: Evariste Ntaganda, Emmanuel Rusingiza, Gilbert Rukundo, Loise Ng’ang’a, Bethany Hedt-Gauthier, Ziad El-Khatib, Gene F. Kwan, Ganza Gapira, Neil K. Worral, JaBaris Swain, Abel Kagame, Cadet Mutumbira, Nathan Ruhamya, Ceeya Bolman, Jessica Sewase, Gilles Ndayisiba, R.Morton Bolman III, Harold Goldberg, Joseph Mucumbitsi

Publikováno v: Annals of Global Health, Vol 86, Iss 1 (2020)

Background: In many developing countries, rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is diagnosed at an advanced stage and requires surgery for patient survival. However, access to cardiac surgery in this context is limited and often provided through partnerships

Externí odkaz: https://doaj.org/article/e506da1969ad43c5977294b4a7d63ec6

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Rivaroxaban in Rheumatic Heart Disease-Associated Atrial Fibrillation.

Autor: Connolly SJ; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Karthikeyan G; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Ntsekhe M; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Haileamlak A; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., El Sayed A; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., El Ghamrawy A; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Damasceno A; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Avezum A; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Dans AML; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Gitura B; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Hu D; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Kamanzi ER; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Maklady F; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Fana G; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Gonzalez-Hermosillo JA; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Musuku J; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Kazmi K; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Zühlke L; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Gondwe L; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Ma C; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Paniagua M; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Ogah OS; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Molefe-Baikai OJ; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Lwabi P; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Chillo P; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Sharma SK; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Cabral TTJ; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Tarhuni WM; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Benz A; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., van Eikels M; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Krol A; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Pattath D; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Balasubramanian K; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Rangarajan S; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Ramasundarahettige C; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Mayosi B; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany., Yusuf S; From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (S.J.C., A.B., A.K., D.P., K.B., S.R., C.R., S.Y.); the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); the Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (M.N., B.M.), and the South African Medical Research Council (L.Z.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia (A.H.); the University of Gazira, Wad Madani, Sudan (A.E.S.); Mahalla Heart Center, El Mahalla El Kubra (A.E.G.), and Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia (F.M.) - both in Egypt; the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); the International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (A.A.); the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila (A.M.L.D.); Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (B.G.); the People's Hospital of Peking University (D.H.) and the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (C.M.) - both in Beijing; the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (E.R.K.); the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (G.F.); Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (J.A.G.-H.); the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (J.M.); the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan (K.K.); Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (L.G.); Barrio Obrero Hospital, Asuncion, Paraguay (M.P.); the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan-College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O.); Princess Marina Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone (O.J.M.-B.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (P.L.); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (P.C.); the B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Kumbo, Cameroon (T.T.J.C.); the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, the Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, and the Windsor Cardiac Centre, Windsor, ON - all in Canada (W.M.T.); the Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (A.B.), and Bayer, Berlin (M.E.) - both in Germany.

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2022 Sep 15; Vol. 387 (11), pp. 978-988. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 28.