Community recommendations on cryoEM data archiving and validation: Outcomes of a wwPDB/EMDB workshop on cryoEM data management, deposition and validation.

Autor: Kleywegt GJ; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Adams PD; Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA., Butcher SJ; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Lawson CL; RCSB Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA., Rohou A; Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA., Rosenthal PB; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK., Subramaniam S; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Topf M; Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK., Abbott S; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Baldwin PR; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA., Berrisford JM; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Bricogne G; Global Phasing Limited, Cambridge, UK., Choudhary P; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Croll TI; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Danev R; The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan., Ganesan SJ; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Grant T; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA., Gutmanas A; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Henderson R; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK., Heymann JB; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Huiskonen JT; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Istrate A; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Kato T; Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan., Lander GC; Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA., Lok SM; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore., Ludtke SJ; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Murshudov GN; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK., Pye R; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Pintilie GD; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Richardson JS; Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., Sachse C; Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany., Salih O; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Scheres SHW; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK., Schroeder GF; Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany., Sorzano COS; National Center of Biotechnology (CSIC), Madrid, Spain., Stagg SM; Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA., Wang Z; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Warshamanage R; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK., Westbrook JD; RCSB Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA., Winn MD; Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Oxon, UK., Young JY; RCSB Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA., Burley SK; RCSB Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA., Hoch JC; UConn Health, USA., Kurisu G; Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan., Morris K; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Patwardhan A; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK., Velankar S; EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK.

Publikováno v: ArXiv [ArXiv] 2024 Feb 02. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 02.

RCSB Protein Data Bank: Celebrating 50 years of the PDB with new tools for understanding and visualizing biological macromolecules in 3D.

Autor: Burley SK; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Bhikadiya C; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Bi C; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA., Bittrich S; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA., Chen L; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Crichlow GV; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Duarte JM; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA., Dutta S; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA., Fayazi M; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Feng Z; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Flatt JW; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Ganesan SJ; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA., Goodsell DS; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., Ghosh S; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Kramer Green R; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Guranovic V; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Henry J; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA., Hudson BP; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Lawson CL; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Liang Y; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Lowe R; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Peisach E; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Persikova I; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Piehl DW; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Rose Y; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA., Sali A; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA., Segura J; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA., Sekharan M; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Shao C; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Vallat B; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Voigt M; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Westbrook JD; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA., Whetstone S; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Young JY; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA., Zardecki C; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.

Publikováno v: Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society [Protein Sci] 2022 Jan; Vol. 31 (1), pp. 187-208. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 06.

A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.

Autor: Gordon DE; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Jang GM; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Bouhaddou M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Xu J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Obernier K; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., White KM; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., O'Meara MJ; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Rezelj VV; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Guo JZ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Swaney DL; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Tummino TA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Hüttenhain R; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Kaake RM; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Richards AL; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Tutuncuoglu B; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Foussard H; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Batra J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Haas K; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Modak M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Kim M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Haas P; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Polacco BJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Braberg H; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Fabius JM; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Eckhardt M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Soucheray M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Bennett MJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Cakir M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., McGregor MJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Li Q; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Meyer B; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Roesch F; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Vallet T; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Mac Kain A; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Miorin L; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Moreno E; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Naing ZZC; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Zhou Y; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Peng S; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Shi Y; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Zhang Z; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Shen W; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Kirby IT; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Melnyk JE; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Chorba JS; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Lou K; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Dai SA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Barrio-Hernandez I; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK., Memon D; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK., Hernandez-Armenta C; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK., Lyu J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Mathy CJP; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Perica T; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Pilla KB; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Ganesan SJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Saltzberg DJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Rakesh R; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Liu X; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Rosenthal SB; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA., Calviello L; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Venkataramanan S; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Liboy-Lugo J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Lin Y; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Huang XP; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Liu Y; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Wankowicz SA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Bohn M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Safari M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Ugur FS; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Koh C; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Savar NS; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Tran QD; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Shengjuler D; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Fletcher SJ; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., O'Neal MC; Zoic Labs, Culver City, CA, USA., Cai Y; Zoic Labs, Culver City, CA, USA., Chang JCJ; Zoic Labs, Culver City, CA, USA., Broadhurst DJ; Zoic Labs, Culver City, CA, USA., Klippsten S; Zoic Labs, Culver City, CA, USA., Sharp PP; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Wenzell NA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Kuzuoglu-Ozturk D; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Wang HY; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Trenker R; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Young JM; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA., Cavero DA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Hiatt J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Roth TL; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Rathore U; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Subramanian A; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Noack J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Hubert M; Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Stroud RM; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Frankel AD; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Rosenberg OS; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Verba KA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Agard DA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Ott M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Emerman M; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA., Jura N; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., von Zastrow M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Verdin E; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA., Ashworth A; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Schwartz O; Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., d'Enfert C; Direction Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Mukherjee S; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Jacobson M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Malik HS; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA., Fujimori DG; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Ideker T; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA., Craik CS; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Floor SN; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Fraser JS; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Gross JD; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Sali A; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Roth BL; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Ruggero D; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Taunton J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Kortemme T; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Beltrao P; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK., Vignuzzi M; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. marco.vignuzzi@pasteur.fr., García-Sastre A; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Adolfo.Garcia-Sastre@mssm.edu.; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Adolfo.Garcia-Sastre@mssm.edu.; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Adolfo.Garcia-Sastre@mssm.edu.; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Adolfo.Garcia-Sastre@mssm.edu., Shokat KM; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA. Kevan.Shokat@ucsf.edu.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Kevan.Shokat@ucsf.edu.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Kevan.Shokat@ucsf.edu.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Kevan.Shokat@ucsf.edu., Shoichet BK; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA. shoichet@cgl.ucsf.edu.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. shoichet@cgl.ucsf.edu.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. shoichet@cgl.ucsf.edu., Krogan NJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA. nevan.krogan@ucsf.edu.; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. nevan.krogan@ucsf.edu.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA. nevan.krogan@ucsf.edu.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. nevan.krogan@ucsf.edu.; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. nevan.krogan@ucsf.edu.

Publikováno v: Nature [Nature] 2020 Jul; Vol. 583 (7816), pp. 459-468. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 30.

A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing.

Autor: Gordon DE; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Jang GM; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Bouhaddou M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Xu J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Obernier K; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., O'Meara MJ; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA., Guo JZ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Swaney DL; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Tummino TA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco., Huettenhain R; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Kaake RM; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Richards AL; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Tutuncuoglu B; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Foussard H; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Batra J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Haas K; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Modak M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Kim M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Haas P; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Polacco BJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Braberg H; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Fabius JM; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Eckhardt M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Soucheray M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Bennett MJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Cakir M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., McGregor MJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Li Q; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Naing ZZC; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Zhou Y; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Peng S; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco., Kirby IT; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute., Melnyk JE; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute., Chorba JS; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute., Lou K; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute., Dai SA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute., Shen W; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute., Shi Y; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute., Zhang Z; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute., Barrio-Hernandez I; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK., Memon D; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK., Hernandez-Armenta C; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK., Mathy CJP; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco.; The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Perica T; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco., Pilla KB; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco., Ganesan SJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco., Saltzberg DJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco., Ramachandran R; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco., Liu X; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco., Rosenthal SB; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego., Calviello L; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco., Venkataramanan S; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco., Liboy-Lugo J; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco., Lin Y; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco., Wankowicz SA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco., Bohn M; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco., Sharp PP; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Trenker R; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Young JM; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center., Cavero DA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA., Hiatt J; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA., Roth TL; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA., Rathore U; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA., Subramanian A; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UC San Francisco., Noack J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UC San Francisco., Hubert M; Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France., Roesch F; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France., Vallet T; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France., Meyer B; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France., White KM; Department for Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., Miorin L; Department for Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., Rosenberg OS; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub., Verba KA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco., Agard D; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Biochemistry & Biophysics and Quantitative Biosciences Institute UCSF 600 16th St San Francisco, CA 94143., Ott M; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Emerman M; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98103., Ruggero D; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., García-Sastre A; Department for Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., Jura N; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., von Zastrow M; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Taunton J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Ashworth A; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Schwartz O; Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France., Vignuzzi M; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France., d'Enfert C; Direction Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France., Mukherjee S; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UC San Francisco., Jacobson M; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco., Malik HS; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center., Fujimori DG; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco., Ideker T; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego., Craik CS; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco.; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Floor S; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco.; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Fraser JS; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco., Gross J; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco., Sali A; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco., Kortemme T; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco.; The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Beltrao P; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK., Shokat K; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute., Shoichet BK; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco., Krogan NJ; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.; University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.

Publikováno v: BioRxiv : the preprint server for biology [bioRxiv] 2020 Mar 27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 27.

Influence of Monovalent Cation Size on Nanodomain Formation in Anionic-Zwitterionic Mixed Bilayers.

Autor: Ganesan SJ; Fischell Department of Bioengineering and ‡Biophysics Program, Institute of Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States., Xu H; Fischell Department of Bioengineering and ‡Biophysics Program, Institute of Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States., Matysiak S; Fischell Department of Bioengineering and ‡Biophysics Program, Institute of Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.

Publikováno v: The journal of physical chemistry. B [J Phys Chem B] 2017 Feb 02; Vol. 121 (4), pp. 787-799. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jan 18.