Neuromodulation for Medically Refractory Neuropathic Pain: Spinal Cord Stimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation, Motor Cortex Stimulation, and Posterior Insula Stimulation.

Autor: Galafassi GZ; Graduation Medicine at Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: giovannagalafassi@gmail.com., Simm Pires de Aguiar PH; Graduation Medicine at School of Medicine of Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil., Simm RF; Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Franceschini PR; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Filho MP; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil., Pagura JR; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil., Pires de Aguiar PH; Department of Neurosurgery, Santa Paula Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine of Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.

Publikováno v: World neurosurgery [World Neurosurg] 2021 Feb; Vol. 146, pp. 246-260. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 17.