Impact of Kenya's Frontline Epidemiology Training Program on Outbreak Detection and Surveillance Reporting: A Geographical Assessment, 2014-2017.

Autor: Macharia D; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Jinnai Y; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Hirai M; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Galgalo T; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Lowther SA; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Ekechi CO; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Widdowson MA; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Turcios-Ruiz R; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Williams SG; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Baggett HKC; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Bunnell RE; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Oyugi E; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Langat D; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Makayotto L; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Gura Z; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health., Cassell CH; Daniel Macharia, MSc, is a GIS Analyst/Application Developer; Tura Galgalo, MSc (JKU), MSc (LSTHM), was a Public Health Specialist and Resident Advisor; Chinyere O. Ekechi, JD, is Deputy Director for Programs; and Marc-Alain Widdowson, VetMB, MA, MSc, is Kenya Country Director; all in the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya. Yuka Jinnai, PhD, MIA, MPH, and Mitsuaki Hirai, DrPH, MPH, are Evaluation Fellows, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; Rebecca E. Bunnell, PhD, MEd, is Deputy Director for Science, Policy, and Communications; and Cynthia H. Cassell, PhD, MA, is Team Lead, Applied Research and Evaluation Team; all in the Office of the Director, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Sara A. Lowther, PhD, MPH, was a Commander, US Public Health Service, and Acting Field Epidemiology Training Program Epidemiology Technical Support Unit Lead; Reina Turcios-Ruiz, MD, FIDSA, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Evaluation, Policy, Innovation, and Communications Team Lead; Seymour G. Williams, MD, is Captain, US Public Health Service, and Team Lead, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Henry (Kip) C. Baggett, MD, MPH, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Branch Chief; all in the Workforce and Institute Development Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA. Elvis Oyugi, MBChB, MSc, is Field Coordinator, Field Epidemiology Training Program; Daniel Langat is a Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Lyndah Makayotto, MBChB, MSc, is a Senior Medical Officer and Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Disease Surveillance and Response; Zeinab Gura, MSc, is Head, Division of Human Resources for Health; all in the Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Kenya Ministry of Health.

Publikováno v: Health security [Health Secur] 2021 May-Jun; Vol. 19 (3), pp. 243-253. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 10.

Health in All Policies: addressing the legal and policy foundations of Health Impact Assessment.

Autor: Rajotte BR; Florida Coastal School of Law, FL, USA., Ross CL, Ekechi CO, Cadet VN

Publikováno v: The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics [J Law Med Ethics] 2011 Mar; Vol. 39 Suppl 1, pp. 27-9.