Dynamic Control of Metabolism.

Autor: Ni C; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; email: kljp@mit.edu., Dinh CV; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; email: kljp@mit.edu., Prather KLJ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; email: kljp@mit.edu.

Publikováno v: Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering [Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng] 2021 Jun 07; Vol. 12, pp. 519-541. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 30.

The Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative: Standardized Quantitative Radiomics for High-Throughput Image-based Phenotyping.

Autor: Zwanenburg A; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Vallières M; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Abdalah MA; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Aerts HJWL; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Andrearczyk V; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Apte A; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Ashrafinia S; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Bakas S; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Beukinga RJ; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Boellaard R; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Bogowicz M; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Boldrini L; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Buvat I; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Cook GJR; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Davatzikos C; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Depeursinge A; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Desseroit MC; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Dinapoli N; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Dinh CV; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Echegaray S; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., El Naqa I; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Fedorov AY; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Gatta R; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Gillies RJ; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Goh V; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Götz M; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Guckenberger M; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Ha SM; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Hatt M; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Isensee F; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Lambin P; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Leger S; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Leijenaar RTH; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Lenkowicz J; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Lippert F; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Losnegård A; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Maier-Hein KH; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Morin O; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Müller H; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Napel S; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Nioche C; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Orlhac F; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Pati S; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Pfaehler EAG; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Rahmim A; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Rao AUK; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Scherer J; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Siddique MM; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Sijtsema NM; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Socarras Fernandez J; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Spezi E; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Steenbakkers RJHM; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Tanadini-Lang S; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Thorwarth D; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Troost EGC; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Upadhaya T; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Valentini V; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., van Dijk LV; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., van Griethuysen J; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., van Velden FHP; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Whybra P; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Richter C; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)., Löck S; From OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger, S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)-team ACTION (image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO, UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M. Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.); School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.); Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie, Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.).

Publikováno v: Radiology [Radiology] 2020 May; Vol. 295 (2), pp. 328-338. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 10.

Development of an autonomous and bifunctional quorum-sensing circuit for metabolic flux control in engineered Escherichia coli .

Autor: Dinh CV; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139., Prather KLJ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 kljp@mit.edu.

Publikováno v: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2019 Dec 17; Vol. 116 (51), pp. 25562-25568. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 03.

Contouring of prostate tumors on multiparametric MRI: Evaluation of clinical delineations in a multicenter radiotherapy trial.

Autor: van Schie MA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Dinh CV; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Houdt PJV; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Pos FJ; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Heijmink SWTJP; Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Kerkmeijer LGW; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Kotte ANTJ; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Oyen R; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium., Haustermans K; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium., van der Heide UA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: u.vd.heide@nki.nl.

Publikováno v: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology [Radiother Oncol] 2018 Aug; Vol. 128 (2), pp. 321-326. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 May 03.

Multicenter validation of prostate tumor localization using multiparametric MRI and prior knowledge.

Autor: Dinh CV; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Steenbergen P; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Ghobadi G; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., van der Poel H; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Heijmink SW; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., de Jong J; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Isebaert S; University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Haustermans K; University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Lerut E; University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Oyen R; University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Ou Y; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Christos D; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., van der Heide UA; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Publikováno v: Medical physics [Med Phys] 2017 Mar; Vol. 44 (3), pp. 949-961.