Skin Antisepsis before Surgical Fixation of Extremity Fractures.

Autor: Sprague S; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Slobogean G; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Wells JL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., O'Hara NN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Thabane L; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Mullins CD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Harris AD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Wood A; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Viskontas D; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Apostle KL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., O'Toole RV; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Joshi M; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Johal H; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Al-Asiri J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Hymes RA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Gaski GE; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Pilson HT; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Carroll EA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Babcock S; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Halvorson JJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Romeo NM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Matson CA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Higgins TF; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Marchand LS; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Bergin PF; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Morellato J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Van Demark RE 3rd; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Potter GD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Gitajn IL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Chang G; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Phelps KD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Kempton LB; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Karunakar M; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Jaeblon T; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Demyanovich HK; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Domes CM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Kuhn GR; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Reilly RM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Gage MJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Weaver MJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., von Keudell AG; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Heng M; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., McTague MF; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Alnasser A; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Mehta S; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Donegan DJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Natoli RM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Szatkowski J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Scott AN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Shannon SF; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Jeray KJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Tanner SL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Marmor MT; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Matityahu A; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Fowler JT; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Pierrie SN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Beltran MJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Thomson CG; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Lin CA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Moon CN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Scolaro JA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Amirhekmat A; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Leonard J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Pogorzelski D; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Bzovsky S; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Heels-Ansdell D; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Szasz OP; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Gallant JL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Della Rocca GJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Zura RD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Hebden JN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Patterson JT; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Lee C; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., O'Hara LM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Marvel D; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Palmer JE; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Friedrich J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., D'Alleyrand JG; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Rivera JC; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Mossuto F; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Schrank GM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Guyatt G; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Devereaux PJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)., Bhandari M; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2024 Feb 01; Vol. 390 (5), pp. 409-420.

A deep surgical site infection risk score for patients with open tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail.

Autor: Wilkinson BG; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., Bangura A; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., Burke CE; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., O'Connor K; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., Gupta J; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., Demyanovich HK; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., Healey K; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., O'Hara NN; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., Schneiderman BA; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., Nascone JW; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States., O'Toole RV; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: rotoole@som.umaryland.edu.

Publikováno v: Injury [Injury] 2023 Oct; Vol. 54 (10), pp. 110965. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 31.

The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on participant enrollment in the PREPARE trial.

Autor: Pogorzelski D; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., McKay P; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Weaver MJ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Jaeblon T; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Hymes RA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA., Gaski GE; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA., Fraifogl J; Department of Orthopaedics, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA., Ahn JS; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA., Bzovsky S; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Slobogean G; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Sprague S; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Slobogean GP; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Sprague S; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Wells J; Trauma Survivors Network, Falls Church, VA, USA., Bhandari M; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada., O'Toole RV; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., D'Alleyrand JC; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Eglseder A; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Johnson A; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Langhammer C; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Lebrun C; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Nascone J; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Pensy R; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Pollak A; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Sciadini M; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Slobogean GP; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Degani Y; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Demyanovich HK; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Howe A; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., O'Hara NN; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Phipps H; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA., Hempen E; University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Publikováno v: Contemporary clinical trials communications [Contemp Clin Trials Commun] 2022 Oct; Vol. 29, pp. 100973. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 17.

Pragmatic randomized trial evaluating pre-operative aqueous antiseptic skin solution in open fractures (Aqueous-PREP): the feasibility of a cluster randomized crossover study.

Autor: Sprague S; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. sprags@mcmaster.ca.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. sprags@mcmaster.ca., Guyatt P; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Bzovsky S; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Nguyen U; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Bhandari M; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Thabane L; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Petrisor B; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Johal HS; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Leonard J; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Dodds S; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Mossuto F; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., O'Toole RV; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Howe A; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Demyanovich HK; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Camara M; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., O'Hara NN; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Slobogean GP; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Publikováno v: Pilot and feasibility studies [Pilot Feasibility Stud] 2021 Mar 01; Vol. 7 (1), pp. 61. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 01.

Randomized controlled trial of a gluten-free diet in patients with schizophrenia positive for antigliadin antibodies (AGA IgG): a pilot feasibility study

Autor: Kelly DL; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Demyanovich HK; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Rodriguez KM; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Ciháková D; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Talor MV; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., McMahon RP; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Richardson CM; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Vyas G; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Adams HA; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., August SM; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Fasano A; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Cascella NG; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Feldman SM; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Liu F; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Sayer MA; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Powell MM; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Wehring HJ; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Buchanan RW; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Gold JM; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Carpenter WT; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer)., Eaton WW; From the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Kelly, McMahon, August, Feldman, Liu, Powell, Wehring, Buchanan, Gold, Carpenter); the Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (Demyanovich); the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Rodriguez, Eaton); the Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Immune Disorders Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cˇiháková, Talor); the Spring Grove Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD (Richardson, Vyas, Adams); the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Fasano); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (Cascella); the Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH (Sayer).

Publikováno v: Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN [J Psychiatry Neurosci] 2019 Jul 01; Vol. 44 (4), pp. 269-276.