The influence of MOGAD on diagnosis of multiple sclerosis using MRI.

Autor: Geraldes R; NMO Service, Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK. ruth.geraldes@gmail.com.; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK. ruth.geraldes@gmail.com.; Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health Foundation Trust, Slough, UK. ruth.geraldes@gmail.com., Arrambide G; Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain., Banwell B; Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Rovira À; Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain., Cortese R; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Lassmann H; Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Messina S; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.; Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health Foundation Trust, Slough, UK., Rocca MA; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy., Waters P; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK., Chard D; NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (CLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK., Gasperini C; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy., Hacohen Y; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK., Mariano R; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK., Paul F; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany., DeLuca GC; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK., Enzinger C; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria., Kappos L; Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience, University Hospital and University, Basel, Switzerland., Leite MI; NMO Service, Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK.; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK., Sastre-Garriga J; Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain., Yousry T; NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK., Ciccarelli O; Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.; University College London Hospitals (UCLH) National Institute for Health and Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, UK., Filippi M; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy., Barkhof F; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK., Palace J; NMO Service, Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK. jacqueline.palace@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK. jacqueline.palace@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.

Publikováno v: Nature reviews. Neurology [Nat Rev Neurol] 2024 Oct; Vol. 20 (10), pp. 620-635. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 03.

In-depth Clinical, Hemodynamic, and Volumetric Assessment of the Resection and Partial Liver Transplantation With Delayed Total Hepatectomy-Type Auxiliary Liver Transplantation in Noncirrhotic Setting: Are We Simply Dealing With a Transplant Model of Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy?

Autor: Coubeau L; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.; Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Fontaine A; Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Ciccarelli O; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Bonaccorsi E; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Derudder M; Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Dahqvist G; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Marique L; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Reding R; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Leclercq IA; Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Dili A; Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

Publikováno v: Annals of surgery [Ann Surg] 2024 Nov 01; Vol. 280 (5), pp. 753-762. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 07.

Disentangling Neurodegeneration From Aging in Multiple Sclerosis Using Deep Learning: The Brain-Predicted Disease Duration Gap.

Autor: Pontillo G; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Prados F; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Colman J; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Kanber B; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Abdel-Mannan O; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Al-Araji S; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Bellenberg B; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Bianchi A; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Bisecco A; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Brownlee WJ; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Brunetti A; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Cagol A; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Calabrese M; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Castellaro M; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Christensen R; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Cocozza S; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Colato E; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Collorone S; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Cortese R; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., De Stefano N; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Enzinger C; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Filippi M; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Foster MA; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Gallo A; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Gasperini C; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Gonzalez-Escamilla G; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Granziera C; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Groppa S; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Hacohen Y; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Harbo HFF; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., He A; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Hogestol EA; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Kuhle J; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Llufriu S; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Lukas C; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Martinez-Heras E; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Messina S; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Moccia M; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Mohamud S; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Nistri R; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Nygaard GO; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Palace J; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Petracca M; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Pinter D; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Rocca MA; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Rovira A; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Ruggieri S; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Sastre-Garriga J; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Strijbis EM; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Toosy AT; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Uher T; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Valsasina P; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Vaneckova M; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Vrenken H; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Wingrove J; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Yam C; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Schoonheim MM; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Ciccarelli O; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Cole JH; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom., Barkhof F; From the Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (G.P., F.P., J.C., B.K., O.A.-M., S.A.-A., A. Bianchi, W.J.B., R. Christensen, E.C., S. Collorone, M.A.F., Y.H., A.H., S. Mohamud, R.N., A.T.T., J.W., C.Y., O.C., F.B.), Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; MS Center Amsterdam (G.P., H.V., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P., A. Brunetti, S. Cocozza), University of Naples 'Federico II,' Italy; Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.P., B.K., F.B.), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; E-Health Center (F.P.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.B., C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (A. Bisecco, A.G.), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel (A.C., C. Granziera), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (A.C., C. Granziera, J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (M. Calabrese, M. Castellaro), University of Verona; Department of Information Engineering (M. Castellaro), University of Padova; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience (R. Cortese, N.D.S.), University of Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F., M.A.R., P.V.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences (C. Gasperini, S.R.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-E., S.G.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), Oslo University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine (H.F.F.H., E.A.H., G.O.N.), and Department of Psychology (E.A.H.), University of Oslo, Norway; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM) (S.L., E.M.-H.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Su, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S. Messina, J.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (M.M.), and Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (M.P.), University of Naples 'Federico II'; Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Section of Neuroradiology (A.R.), Department of Radiology, and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (J.S.-G.), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; MS Center Amsterdam (E.M.M.S.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U.), and Department of Radiology (M.V.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, the Netherlands; Centre for Medical Image Computing (J.H.C.), Department of Computer Science, and Dementia Research Centre (J.H.C., F.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom.

Publikováno v: Neurology [Neurology] 2024 Nov 26; Vol. 103 (10), pp. e209976. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 04.

The ageing central nervous system in multiple sclerosis: the imaging perspective.

Autor: Filippi M; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy., Preziosa P; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy., Barkhof F; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK., Ciccarelli O; Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK.; NIHR (National Institute for Health and Care Research) UCLH (University College London Hospitals) BRC (Biomedical Research Centre), London WC1N 3BG, UK., Cossarizza A; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy., De Stefano N; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy., Gasperini C; Department of Neurosciences, S Camillo Forlanini Hospital Rome, 00152 Rome, Italy., Geraldes R; Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK., Granziera C; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.; Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland., Haider L; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria., Lassmann H; Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria., Margoni M; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy., Pontillo G; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University 'Federico II', 80138 Naples, Italy., Ropele S; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria., Rovira À; Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain., Sastre-Garriga J; Neurology Department and Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain., Yousry TA; Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, UCLH National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Neuroradiological Academic Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK., Rocca MA; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.

Publikováno v: Brain : a journal of neurology [Brain] 2024 Nov 04; Vol. 147 (11), pp. 3665-3680.

Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: considerations in people from minority ethnic and racial backgrounds in North America, northern Europe, and Australasia.

Autor: Amezcua L; University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: lamezcua@usc.edu., Rotstein D; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Shirani A; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA., Ciccarelli O; Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; National institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK., Ontaneda D; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Magyari M; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center and The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark., Rivera V; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Kimbrough D; Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA., Dobson R; Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University, London, UK., Taylor B; BVT Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia., Williams M; Joi Life Wellness MS Center, Smyrna, GA, USA; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA., Marrie RA; Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada., Banwell B; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Hemmer B; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany., Newsome SD; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Cohen JA; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Solomon AJ; Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, University Health Center, Burlington, VT, USA., Royal W 3rd; Department of Neurobiology & Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Publikováno v: The Lancet. Neurology [Lancet Neurol] 2024 Oct; Vol. 23 (10), pp. 1050-1062.