Eosinophils mitigate intestinal fibrosis while promoting inflammation in a chronic DSS colitis model and co-culture model with fibroblasts.

Autor: Jacobs I; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Deleu S; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Ke BJ; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Cremer J; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Dilissen E; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., De Hertogh G; Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Martens T; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Cell and tissue Imaging Cluster (CIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Vanden Berghe P; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Cell and tissue Imaging Cluster (CIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Matteoli G; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Vermeire S; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Herestraat 49, Belgium., Breynaert C; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Vanuytsel T; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Herestraat 49, Belgium., Verstockt B; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. bram.verstockt@uzleuven.be.; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Herestraat 49, Belgium. bram.verstockt@uzleuven.be.

Publikováno v: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Nov 07; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 27133. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 07.

Prevalence of hypersensitivity reactions in various forms of mastocytosis: A pilot study of 2485 adult patients with mastocytosis collected in the ECNM registry.

Autor: Niedoszytko M; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Gorska A; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Brockow K; Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany., Bonadonna P; Allergy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy., Lange M; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Kluin-Nelemans H; Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Oude-Elberink H; Department of Allergology, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands., Sabato V; Department of Immunology, Allergology Rheumatology University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium., Shoumariyeh K; Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., von Bubnoff D; Dagmar von Bubnoff, Department of Dermatology, Allergy and Venerology, University of Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany., Müller S; Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Illerhaus A; Dermatologie, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Germany., Doubek M; Brno University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic., Angelova-Fischer I; Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria., Hermine O; Unit of Dermatology and CEREMAST, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France., Arock M; Department of Hematological Biology and CEREMAST, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris Sorbonne University, Paris, France., Elena C; Department of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy., Malcovati L; Department of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy., Yavuz AS; Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye., Schug TD; Medical University of Graz, Univ.Klinik für Dermatologie, Graz, Austria., Fortina AB; Pediatric Dermatology, Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy., Judit V; Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary., Gotlib J; Stanford University, School of Medicine, Hematology Clinic, Stanford, USA., Panse J; Department of Oncology, Hematology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn Cologne, Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany., Vucinic V; Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany., Reiter A; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III.Medizinische Klinik, Mannhein, Germany., Schwaab J; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III.Medizinische Klinik, Mannhein, Germany., Triggiani M; University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy., Mattsson M; Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden., Breynaert C; KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology ResearchGroup and MASTeL, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Romantowski J; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Zanotti R; Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy., Olivieri E; Allergy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy., Zink A; Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany., van de Ven A; Department of Allergology, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands., Stefan A; Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria., Barete S; Unit of Dermatology and CEREMAST, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France., Caroppo F; Pediatric Dermatology, Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy., Perkins C; Stanford University, School of Medicine, Hematology Clinic, Stanford, USA., Kennedy V; Stanford University, School of Medicine, Hematology Clinic, Stanford, USA., Christen D; Department of Oncology, Hematology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn Cologne, Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany., Jawhar M; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III.Medizinische Klinik, Mannhein, Germany.; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Helios Pforzheim, Pforzheim, Germany., Luebke J; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III.Medizinische Klinik, Mannhein, Germany., Parente R; University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy., Levedahl K; Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Hadzijusufovic E; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Hartmann K; Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Nedoszytko B; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.; Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Center, Molecular Laboratory, Sopot, Poland., Sperr WR; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Valent P; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Publikováno v: Allergy [Allergy] 2024 Sep; Vol. 79 (9), pp. 2470-2481. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 23.

Intercellular interaction between FAP+ fibroblasts and CD150+ inflammatory monocytes mediates fibrostenosis in Crohn's disease.

Autor: Ke BJ; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Abdurahiman S; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Biscu F; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom., Zanella G; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Dragoni G; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Santhosh S; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., De Simone V; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Zouzaf A; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., van Baarle L; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Stakenborg M; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Bosáková V; Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic., Van Rymenant Y; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Verhulst E; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Verstockt S; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Klein E; Department of Immunology and Respiratory Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA., Bislenghi G; Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Wolthuis A; Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Frič J; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.; International Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.; Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic., Breynaert C; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., D'Hoore A; Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Van der Veken P; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., De Meester I; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Lovisa S; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy., Hawinkels LJ; Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Verstockt B; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., De Hertogh G; Laboratory of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Vermeire S; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Matteoli G; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Publikováno v: The Journal of clinical investigation [J Clin Invest] 2024 Jul 23; Vol. 134 (16). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 23.

Serum chemistry profiling and prognostication in systemic mastocytosis: a registry-based study of the ECNM and GREM.

Autor: Lübke J; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Schmid A; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Christen D; Department of Oncology, Hematology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen, Germany., Oude Elberink HNG; Department of Allergology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Span LFR; Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Niedoszytko M; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland., Gorska A; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland., Lange M; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland., Gleixner KV; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Hadzijusufovic E; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Department/University Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria., Stefan A; University Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria., Angelova-Fischer I; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Allergy Center, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria., Zanotti R; Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy., Bonifacio M; Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy., Bonadonna P; Allergy Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy., Shoumariyeh K; Department of Medicine I, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., von Bubnoff N; Department of Medicine I, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany., Müller S; Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Perkins C; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA., Elena C; Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy., Malcovati L; Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy., Hagglund H; Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Mattsson M; Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Parente R; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy., Varkonyi J; Department of Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary., Fortina AB; Department of Medicine, Pediatric Dermatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy., Caroppo F; Department of Medicine, Pediatric Dermatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy., Brockow K; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Zink A; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Breynaert C; KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group and MASTeL, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Leven T; KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group and MASTeL, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Yavuz AS; Division of Hematology, Istanbul Medical School, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey., Doubek M; Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno & Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic., Sabato V; Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium., Schug T; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria., Hartmann K; Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Triggiani M; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy., Gotlib J; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA., Hermine O; French Reference Center for Mastocytosis, Hospital Necker, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Imagine Institute, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France., Arock M; French Reference Center for Mastocytosis, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France., Kluin-Nelemans HC; Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Panse J; Department of Oncology, Hematology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen, Germany., Sperr WR; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Valent P; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Reiter A; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Schwaab J; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

Publikováno v: Blood advances [Blood Adv] 2024 Jun 11; Vol. 8 (11), pp. 2890-2900.

Frequent Allergic Sensitization to Farmed Edible Insects in Exposed Employees.

Autor: Ganseman E; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Goossens J; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Blanter M; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Jonckheere AC; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Bergmans N; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Vanbrabant L; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Gouwy M; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Ronsmans S; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Vandenbroeck S; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Knowledge, Information and Research Department, Heverlee, Belgium., Dupont LJ; Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Vanoirbeek J; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Bullens DMA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics., University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Breynaert C; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department General Internal Medicine-Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Proost P; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Schrijvers R; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department General Internal Medicine-Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: rik.schrijvers@uzleuven.be.

Publikováno v: The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice [J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract] 2023 Dec; Vol. 11 (12), pp. 3732-3741.e10. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 04.