Zobrazeno 1 - 10
of 40
pro vyhledávání: '"Bradbury, CA"'
Autor:
Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators, Lawler, PR, Derde, LPG, Van de Veerdonk, FL, McVerry, BJ, Huang, DT, Berry, LR, Lorenzi, E, Van Kimmenade, R, Gommans, F, Vaduganathan, M, Leaf, DE, Baron, RM, Kim, EY, Frankfurter, C, Epelman, S, Kwan, Y, Grieve, R, O'Neill, S, Sadique, Z, Puskarich, M, Marshall, JC, Higgins, AM, Mouncey, PR, Rowan, KM, Al-Beidh, F, Annane, D, Arabi, YM, Au, C, Beane, A, Van Bentum-Puijk, W, Bonten, MJM, Bradbury, CA, Brunkhorst, FM, Burrell, A, Buzgau, A, Buxton, M, Cecconi, M, Cheng, AC, Cove, M, Detry, MA, Estcourt, LJ, Ezekowitz, J, Fitzgerald, M, Gattas, D, Godoy, LC, Goossens, H, Haniffa, R, Harrison, DA, Hills, T, Horvat, CM, Ichihara, N, Lamontagne, F, Linstrum, KM, McAuley, DF, McGlothlin, A, McGuinness, SP, McQuilten, Z, Murthy, S, Nichol, AD, Owen, DRJ, Parke, RL, Parker, JC, Pollock, KM, Reyes, LF, Saito, H, Santos, MS, Saunders, CT, Seymour, CW, Shankar-Hari, M, Singh, V, Turgeon, AF, Turner, AM, Zarychanski, R, Green, C, Lewis, RJ, Angus, DC, Berry, S, Gordon, AC, McArthur, CJ, Webb, SA
IMPORTANCE: Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) i
Externí odkaz:
https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od______1032::063b737fa1cd9108ed66af2f4c2faae0
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/104002
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/104002
Autor:
Goligher, EC, Lawler, PR, Jensen, TP, Talisa, V, Berry, LR, Lorenzi, E, McVerry, BJ, Chang, C-CH, Leifer, E, Bradbury, C, Berger, J, Hunt, BJ, Castellucci, LA, Kornblith, LZ, Gordon, AC, McArthur, C, Webb, S, Hochman, J, Neal, MD, Zarychanski, R, Berry, S, Angus, DC, Aday, A, Ahuja, T, Al-Beidh, F, Annane, D, Arabi, YM, Aryal, D, Baumann Kreuziger, L, Beane, A, Berger, JS, Berry, SM, Bhimani, Z, Bihari, S, Billett, HH, Bond, L, Bonten, M, Bradbury, CA, Brooks, MM, Brunkhorst, F, Buxton, M, Buzgau, A, Carrier, M, Castelucci, LA, Chekuri, S, Chen, J-T, Cheng, AC, Chkhikvadze, T, Coiffard, B, Contreras, A, Costantini, TW, Cushman, M, De Brouwer, S, Derde, LPG, Detry, MA, Duggal, A, Džavík, V, Effron, MB, Eng, HF, Escobedo, J, Estcourt, LJ, Everett, BM, Farkough, ME, Fergusson, DA, Fitzgerald, M, Fowler, RA, Froess, JD, Fu, Z, Galanaud, J-P, Galen, BT, Gandotra, S, Girard, TD, Godoy, LD, Gong, MN, Goodman, AL, Goossens, H, Green, C, Greenstein, YY, Gross, PL, Guerrero, RM, Hamburg, N, Haniffa, R, Hanna, G, Hanna, N, Hedge, SM, Hendrickson, CM, Higgins, AM, Hindenburg, AA, Hite, RD, Hochman, JS, Hope, AA, Horowitz, JM, Horvat, CM, Houston, BL, Huang, DT, Hudock, K, Husain, M, Hyzy, RC, Iyer, V, Jacobson, JR, Jayakumar, D, Kahn, SR, Keller, NM, Khan, A, Kim, Y, Kim, KS, Kindzelski, A, King, AJ, Kirwan, B-A, Knudson, MM, Kornblith, AE, Krishnan, V, Kumar, A, Kutcher, ME, Laffan, MA, Lamontagne, F, Le Gal, G, Leeper, CM, Leifer, ES, Lewis, RJ, Lim, G, Lima, FG, Linstrum, K, Litton, E, Lopez-Sendon, J, Lopez-Sendon Moreno, JL, Lother, SA, Madrona, SG, Malhotra, S, Marcos Martin, M, Marshall, JC, Marten, N, Martinez, AS, Martinez, M, Mateos Garcia, E, Matthay, MA, Mavromichalis, S, McArthur, CJ, McAuley, DF, McDonald, EG, McGlothlin, A, McGuinness, SP, McQuilten, ZK, Middeldorp, S, Montgomery, SK, Moore, SC, Mouncey, PR, Murthy, S, Nair, GB, Nair, R, Nichol, AD, Nicolau, JC, Nunez-Garcia, B, Pandey, A, Park, JJ, Park, PK, Parke, RL, Parker, JC, Parnia, S, Paul, JD, Pompilio, M, Prekker, M, Quigley, JG, Reynolds, HR, Rosenson, RS, Rost, NS, Rowan, K, Santos, MO, Santos, FO, Santos, M, Satterwhite, L, Saunders, CT, Schreiber, J, Schutgens, REG, Seymour, CW, Shankar Hari, M, Sheehan, JP, Siegal, DM, Silva Jr., DG, Singhal, AB, Slutsky, AS, Solvason, D, Stanworth, SJ, Tritschler, T, Turgeon, AF, Turner, AM, Van Bentum-Puijk, W, Van de Veerdonk, FL, Van Diepen, S, Vazquez Grande, G, Wahid, L, Wareham, V, Webb, SA, Wells, B, Widmer, RJ, Wilson, JG, Yuriditsky, E, Zampieri, F, Zhong, Y
Importance Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of therapeutic-dose heparin in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 produced conflicting results, possibly due to heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) across individuals. Better understanding of HTE coul
Externí odkaz:
https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od______1032::82cf0d06e3a57898410a86c116bb9507
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/103450
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/103450
Autor:
Florescu, S, Stanciu, D, Zaharia, M, Kosa, A, Codreanu, D, Kidwai, A, Masood, S, Kaye, C, Coutts, A, MacKay, L, Summers, C, Polgarova, P, Farahi, N, Fox, E, McWilliam, S, Hawcutt, D, Rad, L, O’Malley, L, Whitbread, J, Jones, D, Dore, R, Saunderson, P, Kelsall, O, Cowley, N, Wild, L, Thrush, J, Wood, H, Austin, K, Bélteczki, J, Magyar, I, Fazekas, Á, Kovács, S, Szőke, V, Donnelly, A, Kelly, M, Smyth, N, O’Kane, S, McClintock, D, Warnock, M, Campbell, R, McCallion, E, Azaiz, A, Charron, C, Godement, M, Geri, G, Vieillard-Baron, A, Johnson, P, McKenna, S, Hanley, J, Currie, A, Allen, B, McGoldrick, C, McMaster, M, Mani, A, Mathew, M, Kandeepan, R, Vignesh, C, TV, B, Ramakrishnan, N, James, A, Elvira, E, Jayakumar, D, Pratheema, R, Babu, S, Ebenezer, R, Krishnaoorthy, S, Ranganathan, L, Ganesan, M, Shree, M, Guilder, E, Butler, M, Cowdrey, K-A, Robertson, M, Ali, F, McMahon, E, Duffy, E, Chen, Y, Simmonds, C, McConnochie, R, O’Connor, C, El-Khawas, K, Richardson, A, Hill, D, Commons, R, Abdelkharim, H, Saxena, M, Muteithia, M, Dobell-Brown, K, Jha, R, Kalogirou, M, Ellis, C, Krishnamurthy, V, O’Connor, A, Thurairatnam, S, Mukherjee, D, Kaliappan, A, Vertue, M, Nicholson, A, Riches, J, Maloney, G, Kittridge, L, Solesbury, A, Ramos, A, Collins, D, Brickell, K, Reid, L, Smyth, M, Breen, P, Spain, S, Curley, G, McEvoy, N, Geoghegan, P, Clarke, J, Silversides, J, McGuigan, P, Ward, K, O’Neill, A, Finn, S, Wright, C, Green, J, Collins, É, Knott, C, Smith, J, Boschert, C, Slieker, K, Ewalds, E, Sanders, A, Wittenberg, W, Geurts, H, Poojara, L, Sara, T, Nand, K, Reeve, B, Dechert, W, Phillips, B, Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa, L, Affleck, J, Shaikh, A, Murray, A, Ramanan, M, Frakking, T, Pinnell, J, Robinson, M, Gledhill, L, Wood, T, Sanghavi, R, Bhonagiri, D, Ford, M, Parikh, HG, Avard, B, Nourse, M, McDonald, B, Edmunds, N, Hoiting, O, Peters, M, Rengers, E, Evers, M, Prinssen, A, Morgan, M, Cole, J, Hill, H, Davies, M, Williams, A, Thomas, E, Davies, R, Wise, M, Grimm, P, Soukup, J, Wetzold, R, Löbel, M, Starke, L, Lellouche, F, Lizotte, P, Declerq, P, Antoine, M, Stephanie, G, Jean-Pierre, E, François, B, Marion, B, Philippe, R, Pourcine, F, Monchi, M, Luis, D, Mercier, R, Sagnier, A, Verrier, N, Caplin, C, Richecoeu, J, Combaux, D, Siami, S, Aparicio, C, Vautier, S, Jeblaoui, A, Lemaire-Brunel, D, D'Aragon, F, Carbonneau, E, Leblond, J, Plantefeve, G, Leparco, C, Contou, D, Fartoukh, M, Courtin, L, Labbe, V, Voiriot, G, Salhi, S, Chassé, M, Carrier, F, Boumahni, D, Benettaib, F, Ghamraoui, A, Sement, A, Gachet, A, Hanisch, A, Haffiane, A, Boivin, A-H, Barreau, A, Guerineau, E, Poupblanc, S, Egreteau, P, Lefevre, M, Bocher, S, Le Loup, G, Le Guen, L, Carn, V, Bertel, M, Antcliffe, D, Templeton, M, Rojo, R, Coghlan, P, Smee, J, Barker, G, Finn, A, Kreb, G, Hoff, U, Hinrichs, C, Nee, J, Mackay, E, Cort, J, Whileman, A, Spencer, T, Spittle, N, Beavis, S, Padmakumar, A, Dale, K, Hawes, J, Moakes, E, Gascoyne, R, Pritchard, K, Stevenson, L, Cooke, J, Nemeth-Roszpopa, K, Gauli, B, Bastola, S, Muller, G, Nay, M-A, Kamel, T, Benzekri, D, Jacquier, S, Runge, I, Mathonnet, A, Barbier, F, Bretagnol, A, Carter, J, Van Der Heyden, K, Mehrtens, J, Morris, A, Morgan, S, Burke, T, Mercier, E, Chartier, D, Salmon, C, Dequin, P-F, Garot, D, Bellemare, D, Cloutier, È, Daher, R, Costerousse, O, Boulanger, M-C, Couillard-Chénard, É, Lauzier, F, Francoeur, C, Francois, B, Gay, A, Anne-Laure, F, Ramali, M, HC, O, Ghosh, A, Osagie, R, Arachchige, M, Hartley, M, Cheung, W, Wong, H, Seigne, P, Eustace, J, O'Callaghan, A-M, O'Brien, F, Bamford, P, Reid, A, Cawley, K, Faulkner, M, Pickering, C, Raj, A, Tsinaslanidis, G, Khade, R, Agha, G, Sekiwala, R, Smith, T, Brewer, C, Gregory, J, Limb, J, Cowton, A, O’Brien, J, Postlethwaite, K, Malakouti, S, Music, E, Ricketts, D, King, A, Clermont, G, Bart, R, Mayr, F, Schoenling, A, Andreae, M, Shetty, V, Brant, E, Malley, B, Donadee, C, Sackrowitz, R, Weissman, A, Yealy, D, Barton, D, Talia, N, Nikitas, N, Wells, C, Lankester, L, McMillan, H, Van den Oever, H, Kruisdijk-Gerritsen, A, Haidar, G, Bain, W, Barbash, I, Fitzpatrick, M, Franz, C, Kitsios, G, Moghbeli, K, Rosborough, B, Shah, F, Suber, T, Pulletz, M, Williams, P, Birch, J, Wiseman, S, Horton, S, Alegria, A, Turki, S, Elsefi, T, Crisp, N, Allen, L, Truman, N, Smith, M, Chukkambotla, S, Goddard, W, Duberley, S, Khan, M, Kazi, A, Simpson, J, Duke, G, Chan, P, Carter, B, Hunter, S, Voigt, I, Schueler, R, Blank, E, Hüning, V, Steffen, M, Goralski, P, Litton, E, Regli, A, Pellicano, S, Palermo, A, Eroglu, E, Bihari, S, Laver, RD, Jin, X, Brown, J, McIntyre, J, French, C, Bates, S, Towns, M, Yang, Y, McGain, F, McCullagh, I, Cairns, T, Hanson, H, Patel, B, Clement, I, Evetts, G, Touma, O, Holland, S, Hodge, C, Taylor, H, Alderman, M, Barnes, N, Da Rocha, J, Smith, C, Brooks, N, Weerasinghe, T, Sinclair, J-A, Abusamra, Y, Doherty, R, Cudlipp, J, Singh, R, Yu, H, Daebis, A, Ng, C, Kendrick, S, Saran, A, Makky, A, Greener, D, Rowe-Leete, L, Edwards, A, Bland, Y, Dolman, R, Foster, T, Laffey, J, McNicholas, B, Scully, M, Casey, S, Kernan, M, Brennan, A, Rangan, R, Tully, R, Corbett, S, McCarthy, A, Duffy, O, Burke, D, Linnett, V, Sanderson, A, Ritzema, J, Wild, H, Lucas, R, Marriott, Y, Andric, Z, Cviljevic, S, Br, R, Zapalac, M, Mirković, G, Khare, D, Pinder, M, Gopinath, A, Kannan, T, Dean, S, Vanmali, P, Depuydt, P, De Waele, J, De Bus, L, Fierens, J, Bracke, S, Vermassen, J, Vermeiren, D, Pugh, R, Lean, R, Qiu, X, Scanlan, J, Evans, A, Davies, G, Lewis, J, Plesnikova, Y, Khoud, A, Coetzee, S, Puxty, K, Cathcart, S, Rimmer, D, Bagot, C, Scott, K, Martin, L, Yusuff, H, Isgro, G, Brightling, C, Bourne, M, Craner, M, Boyles, R, Alexander, B, Roberts, T, Nelli, A, Rosenstein-Sisson, R, Speyer, R, Pech, Y, McCullough, J, Tallott, M, Vazquez-Grande, G, Marten, N, Liu, T, Siddiqui, A, Khanal, S, Amatya, S, Szakmany, T, Cherian, S, Williams, G, James, C, Waters, A, Prout, R, Stedman, R, Davies, L, Pegler, S, Kyeremeh, L, Moorhouse, L, Arbane, G, Marotti, M, Bociek, A, Campos, S, Van Nieuwkoop, K, Ottens, T, Visser, Y, Van den Berg, L, Van der Kraan-Donker, A, Brett, S, Arias, S, Hall, R, Paneru, H, Koirala, S, Paudel, P, Wilson, M, Vaara, S, Pettilä, L, Heinonen, J, Pettilä, V, Jain, S, Gupta, A, Holbrook, C, Antoine, P, Meziani, F, Allam, H, Cattelan, J, Clere-Jehl, R, Helms, J, Kummerlen, C, Merdji, H, Monnier, A, Rahmani, H, Studer, A, Schneider, F, Castelain, V, Morel, G, L’Hotellier, S, Ochin, E, Vanjak, C, Rouge, P, Bendjemar, L, Albert, M, Serri, K, Cavayas, A, Duplaix, M, Williams, V, Catorze, NJTADS, Pereira, TNAL, Ferreira, RMC, Bastos, JMPS, Batista, TMO, Badie, J, Berdaguer, F, Malfroy, S, Mezher, C, Bourgoin, C, Moneger, G, Bouvier, E, Muñoz-Bermúdez, R, Marin-Corral, J, Degracia, A, Gómez, F, López, M, Aceto, R, Aghemo, A, Badalamenti, S, Brunetta, E, Cecconi, M, Ciccarelli, M, Constantini, E, Greco, M, Folci, M, Selmi, C, Voza, A, Henning, J, Bonner, S, Hugill, K, Cirstea, E, Wilkinson, D, Jones, J, Altomy, M, Karlikowski, M, Sutherland, H, Wilhelmsen, E, Woods, J, North, J, Pletz, M, Hagel, S, Ankert, J, Kolanos, S, Bloos, F, Simons, K, Van Zuylen, T, Bouman, A, Kumar, N, Panwar, R, Poulter, A-L, Sunkara, K, Szigligeti, G, Leszkoven, J, Rochwerg, B, Karachi, T, Oczkowski, S, Centofanti, J, Millen, T, Sundaran, D, Hollos, L, Turns, M, Walsh, J, Al Qasim, E, Alswaidan, L, Hegazy, M, Arishi, H, Al Amri, A, AlQahtani, S, Naidu, B, Tlayjeh, H, Hussain, S, Al Enezi, F, Abdukahil, SA, Hopkins, P, Noble, H, O’Reilly, K, Mehta, R, Wong, O, Makanju, E, Rao, D, Sikondari, N, Saha, S, Corcoran, E, Pappa, E, Cockrell, M, Donegan, C, Balaie, M, Nickoleit-Bitzenberger, D, Schaaf, B, Meermeier, W, Prebeg, K, Azzaui, H, Hower, M, Brieger, K-G, Elender, C, Sabelhaus, T, Riepe, A, Akamp, C, Kremling, J, Klein, D, Landsiedel-Mechenbier, E, Laha, S, Verlander, M, Jha, A, Megarbane, B, Voicu, S, Deye, N, Malissin, I, Sutterlin, L, Mrad, A, Lehalleur, A, Naim, G, Nguyen, P, Ekhérian, J-M, Boué, Y, Sidéris, G, Vodovar, D, Guérin, E, Grant, C, Brain, M, Mineall, S, Paramasivam, E, Wilby, E, Ogg, B, Howcroft, C, Aspinwall, A, Charlton, S, Gould, R, Mistry, D, Awan, S, Bedford, C, Carr-Wilkinson, J, Hall, A, Gardiner-Hill, C, Maloney, C, Brunskill, N, Watchorn, O, Hardy, C, Qureshi, H, Flint, N, Nicholson, S, Southin, S, Ghattaoraya, A, Harding, D, O’Halloran, S, Collins, A, Smith, E, Trues, E, Borgatta, B, Turner-Bone, I, Reddy, A, Wilding, L, Wilson, C, Surti, Z, Aneman, A, Miller, J, White, H, Estensen, K, Morrison, L, Sutton, J, Cooper, M, Warnapura, L, Agno, R, Sathianathan, P, Shaw, D, Ijaz, N, Spong, A, Sabaretnam, S, Burns, D, Lang, E, Tate, M, Fischer, R, Biradar, V, Soar, N, Golden, D, Davey, M, Seaman, R, Osborne, A, Bannard-Smith, J, Clark, R, Birchall, K, Henry, J, Pomeroy, F, Quayle, R, Wylie, K, Sukuraman, A, John, M, Sibin, S, Leditschke, A, Finnis, M, Jongebloed, K, Khwaja, K, Campisi, J, Van Vonderen, M, Pietersma, M, Vrolijk, L, Kampschreur, L, Van Gulik, L, Makowski, A, Misztal, B, Haider, S, Liao, A, Squires, R, Oborska, A, Kayani, A, Kalchko-Veyssal, S, Prabakaran, R, Hadebe, B, KalchkoVeyssal, S, Williams, T, Song, R, Morpeth, S, Lai, V, Habraken, H, Stewart, R, Mwaura, E, Mew, L, Wren, L, Willams, F, Sutherland, S-B, Rebello, R, Shehabi, Y, Al-Bassam, W, Hulley, A, Kadam, U, Sathianathan, K, Innes, R, Doble, P, Graham, L, Shovelton, C, Dean, T, Salahuddin, N, Aryal, D, Koirala, K, Rai, N, Luitel, S, Seppelt, I, Whitehead, C, Lowrey, J, Gresham, R, Masters, K, Hamlyn, V, Hawkins, N, Roynon-Reed, A, Cutler, S, Lewis, S, Lazaro, J, Newman, T, Aravindan, L, Asghar, A, Bartholomew, J, Bayne, M, Beddows, S, Birch, C, Brend, M, Byrne, R, Campbell, D, Campbell, H, Chambers, E, Clinton, A, Collins, J, Crawshaw, S, Dawson, LA, Donaldson, K, Drake, C, Dyas, S, Ellis, Y, Gilmour, K, Goodwin, J, Halden, S, Hall, AS, Hanson, J, Harper, H, Harrison, S, Hayes, A, Hodgson, H, Hurford, S-A, Jackson, S, Levett, C, Lock, S, Lockett, T, Logan, M, Lomme, K, Luo, J, Marsh, E, Mguni, N, Monaghan, H, Murphy, S, Muzengi, N, Naz, M, O'Kell, E, Oliver, A, O'Reilly, J, Pearson, K, Porter, D, Potter, A, Rook, C, Rounds, C, Sheffield, J, Shirley, K, Siewersk, C, Skinner, T, Speight, H, Sutu, M, Unsworth, A, Van’t Hoff, W, Walker, S, Williams, H, Williamson, D, Williamson, JD, Duan, E, Tsang, J, Patterson, L, Austin, P, Chapman, S, Cabrelli, L, Fletcher, S, Nortje, J, Fottrell-Gould, D, Randell, G, Stammers, K, Healey, G, Pinto, M, Borrill, Z, Duncan, T, Ustianowski, A, Uriel, A, Eltayeb, A, Alfonso, J, Hey, S, Shaw, J, Fox, C, Lindergard, G, Charles, B, Blackledge, B, Connolly, K, Harris, J, Cuesta, J, Xavier, K, Purohit, D, Elhassan, M, Haldeos, A, Vincent, R, Abdelrazik, M, Jenkins, S, Ganesan, A, Kumar, R, Carter, D, Bakthavatsalam, D, Frater, A, Saleem, M, Everitt, R, Hacking, D, Zaman, M, Elmahi, E, Jones, A, Hall, K, Phillips, M, Terrill, L, Mills, G, Raithatha, A, Bauchmuller, K, Ryalls, K, Harrington, K, Bowler, H, Sall, J, Bourne, R, Gross, J, Massey, N, Adebambo, O, Long, M, Tony, K, Juffermans, N, Koopmans, M, Dujardin, R, Alderink, B, Rowland, M, Hutton, P, Bashyal, A, Davidson, N, Hird, C, Chhablani, M, Phalod, G, Kirkby, A, Archer, S, Netherton, K, Reschreiter, H, Camsooksai, J, Patch, S, Humphrey, C, Flynn, G, Harrington, C, Kruger, P, Walsham, J, Meyer, J, Harward, M, Jones, C, Sathe, S, Roche, L, Davies, E, Skinner, D, Gaylard, J, Newman, J, Pogson, D, Rose, S, Daly, Z, Brimfield, L, Nown, A, Parekh, D, Bergin, C, Bates, M, McGhee, C, Lynch, D, Bhandal, K, Tsakiridou, K, Bamford, A, Cooper, L, Whitehouse, T, Veenith, T, Forster, E, O'Connell, M, Sim, M, Hay, S, Henderson, S, Nygren, M, Valentine, E, Katary, A, Bell, G, Wilcox, L, Mataliotakis, M, Smith, P, Ali, M, Isguzar, A, Phull, M-K, Zaidi, A, Pogreban, T, Rosaroso, L, Harvey, D, Lowe, B, Meredith, M, Ryan, L, Schouten, J, Pickkers, P, Roovers, N, Klop-Riehl, M, Van der Eng, H, Sloots-Cuppen, S, Preijers, L, Van Oosten, N, Moine, P, Heming, N, Maxime, V, Bossard, I, Nicholier, T, Clair, B, Orlikowski, D, Bounab, R, Abdeladim, L, Baker, S, Duroux, M, Ratcliffe, M, Sy, E, Mailman, J, Lee, S, Gupta, C, Kassir, S, López, R, Rodríguez-Gómez, J, Cárcel, S, Carmona, R, De la Fuente, C, Rodriguez, M, Jan Hassing, R, Greven, F, Huijbens, D, Roebers, L, Verheij, H, Miles, H, Attokaran, A, Buehner, U, Williams, E, Chapman, M, O’Connor, S, Glasby, K, Rivett, J, Brown, N, Kutsogiannis, D, Thompson, P, Rooney, K, Rodden, N, Thomson, N, McGlynn, D, Abel, L, Gemmell, L, Sundaram, R, Hornsby, J, Walden, A, Keating, L, Frise, M, Rai, S, Bartley, S, Schuster-Bruce, M, Pitts, S, Miln, R, Purandare, L, Vamplew, L, Dempster, D, Gummadi, M, Dormand, N, Wang, S, Spivey, M, Bean, S, Burt, K, Moore, L, Hammonds, F, Richards, C, Campbell, L, Smyth, K, Day, C, Zitter, L, Benyon, S, Singh, J, Lynch, C, Mikusek, J, Deacon, B, Turner, K, Baker, E, Hickey, J, Champanerkar, S, Aitken, L, LewisProsser, L, Ahmad, N, Wiles, M, Willson, J, Grecu, I, Martin, J, Wrey Brown, C, Arias, A-M, Bevan, E, Westlake, S, Craven, T, Hope, D, Singleton, J, Clark, S, McCulloch, C, Biddie, S, Welters, I, Hamilton, D, Williams, K, Waugh, V, Mulla, S, Waite, A, Roman, J, Martinez, M, Johnston, B, Puthucheary, Z, Martin, T, Santos, F, Uddin, R, Fernandez, M, Seidu, F, Somerville, A, Pakats, M-L, Begum, S, Shahid, T, Presneill, J, Barge, D, Byrne, K, Janin, P, Yarad, E, Bass, F, Hammond, N, Vuylsteke, A, Chan, C, Victor, S, Waterson, S, McNamara, R, Boardman, M, Gattas, D, Buhr, H, Coles, J, Matsa, R, Gellamucho, M, Creagh-Brown, B, Marriot, C, Salberg, A, Zouita, L, Stone, S, Michalak, N, Donlon, S, Mtuwa, S, Mayangao, I, Verula, J, Burda, D, Harris, C, Jones, E, Bradley, P, Tarr, E, Harden, L, Piercy, C, Nolan, J, Kerslake, I, Cook, T, Simpson, T, Dalton, J, Demetriou, C, Mitchard, S, Ramos, L, White, K, Johnson, T, Headdon, W, Spencer, S, White, A, Howie, L, Reay, M, Watts, A, Traverse, E, Jennings, S, Anumakonda, V, Tuckwell, C, Harrow, K, Matthews, J, McGarry, K, Moore, V, Smith, L, Summerfield, A, Dark, P, Harvey, A, Doonan, R, McMorrow, L, Knowles, K, Pendlebury, J, Perez, J, Marsden, T, Taylor, M, Michael, A, Collis, M, Claxton, A, Habeichi, W, Horner, D, Slaughter, M, Thomas, V, Proudfoot, N, Keatley, C, Donnison, P, Casey, R, Irving, B, Matimba-Mupaya, W, Reed, C, Anthony, A, Trim, F, Cambalova, L, Robertson, D, Wilson, A, Hulme, J, Kannan, S, Kinney, F, Senya, H, Ratnam, V, Gill, M, Kirk, J, Shelton, S, Schweikert, S, Wibrow, B, Anstey, M, Rauniyar, R, Khoso, N, Asif, N, Taqdees, H, Frey, C, Scano, R, McKee, M, Murphy, P, Thomas, M, Worner, R, Faulkner, B, Gendall, E, Hayes, K, Blakemore, H, Borislavova, B, Deshpande, K, Van Haren, F, Konecny, P, Inskip, D, Tung, R, Hayes, L, Murphy, L, Neill, A, Reidy, B, O’Dwyer, M, Ryan, D, Ainscough, K, Hamilton-Davies, C, Mfuko, C, Abbass, H, Mandadapu, V, Leaver, S, Patel, K, Farnell-Ward, S, Saluzzio, R, Rawlins, S, Sicat, C, De Keulenaer, B, Ferrier, J, Fysh, E, Davda, A, Mevavala, B, Cook, D, Clarke, F, Banach, D, Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz, Z, Cabreros, L, Latham, V, Kruisselbrink, R, Brochard, L, Burns, K, Sandhu, G, Khalid, I, White, I, Croft, M, Holland, N, Pereira, R, Nair, P, Buscher, H, Reynolds, C, Newman, S, Santamaria, J, Barbazza, L, Homes, J, Smith, R, Zaki, A, Johnson, D, Garrard, H, Juhaz, V, Brown, L, Pemberton, A, Roy, A, Rostron, A, Woods, L, Cornell, S, Fowler, R, Adhikari, N, Kamra, M, Marinoff, N, Garrett, P, Murray, L, Brailsford, J, Fennessy, G, Mulder, J, Morgan, R, Pillai, S, Harford, R, Ivatt, H, Evans, D, Richards, S, Roberts, E, Bowen, J, Ainsworth, J, Kuitunen, A, Karlsson, S, Vahtera, A, Kiiski, H, Ristimäki, S, Albrett, J, Jackson, C, Kirkham, S, Tamme, K, Reinhard, V, Ellervee, A, Põldots, L, Rennit, P, Svitškar, N, Browne, T, Grimwade, K, Goodson, J, Keet, O, Callender, O, Udy, A, McCracken, P, Young, M, Board, J, Martin, E, Kasipandian, V, Patel, A, Allibone, S, Mary-Genetu, R, English, S, Watpool, I, Porteous, R, Miezitis, S, McIntyre, L, Brady, K, Vale, C, Shekar, K, Lavana, J, Parmar, D, Peake, S, Kurenda, C, Hormis, A, Walker, R, Collier, D, Kimpton, S, Oakley, S, Bhagani, S, De Neef, M, Garcia, S, Maharajh, A, Nandani, A, Dobson, J, Fernando, G, Eastgate, C, Gomez, K, Abdi, Z, Tatham, K, Jhanji, S, Black, E, Dela Rosa, A, Howle, R, Baikady, R, Drummond, A, Dearden, J, Philbin, J, Munt, S, Gopal, S, Pooni, J-S, Ganguly, S, Smallwood, A, Metherell, S, Naeem, A, Fagan, L, Ryan, E, Mariappa, V, Foulds, A, Revill, A, Bhattarai, B, De Jonge, E, Wigbers, J, Del Prado, M, Cremer, O, Mulier, J, Peters, A, Romberg, B, Schutgens, R, Troeman, D, Van Opdorp, M, Besten, H, Brakké, K, Barber, R, Hilldrith, A, Kluge, S, Nierhaus, A, Jarczak, D, Roedl, K, Kochanek, M, Rueß-Paterno, G, Mc-Kenzie, J, Eichenauer, D, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, A, Wilcox, E, Del Sorbo, L, Abdelhady, H, Romagnuolo, T, Simpson, S, Maiden, M, Horton, M, Trickey, J, Krajinovic, V, Kutleša, M, Kotarski, V, Brohi, F, Jagannathan, V, Clark, M, Purvis, S, Wetherill, B, Brajković, A, Babel, J, Sever, H, Dragija, L, Kušan, I, Dushianthan, A, Cusack, R, De Courcy-Golder, K, Salmon, K, Burnish, R, Smith, S, Ruiz, W, Duke, Z, Johns, M, Male, M, Gladas, K, Virdee, S, Swabe, J, Tomlinson, H, Rohde, G, Grünewaldt, A, Bojunga, J, Petros, S, Kunz, K, Schütze, B, Weismann, D, Frey, A, Drayss, M, Goebeler, ME, Flor, T, Fragner, G, Wahl, N, Totzke, J, Sayehli, C, Hakak, S, Altaf, W, O'Sullivan, M, Murphy, A, Walsh, L, Rega La Valle, A, Bewley, J, Sweet, K, Grimmer, L, Johnson, R, Wyatt, R, Morgan, K, Varghese, S, Willis, J, Stratton, E, Kyle, L, Putensen, D, Drury, K, Skorko, A, Bremmer, P, Ward, G, Bassford, C, Sligl, W, Baig, N, Rewa, O, Bagshaw, S, Basile, K, Stavor, D, Burbee, D, McNamara, A, Wunderley, R, Bensen, N, Adams, P, Vita, T, Buhay, M, Scholl, D, Gilliam, M, Winters, J, Doherty, K, Berryman, E, Ghaffari, M, Marroquin, O, Quinn, K, Garrard, W, Kalchthaler, K, Beard, G, Skrtich, A, Bagavathy, K, Drapola, D, Bryan-Morris, K, Arnold, J, Reynolds, B, Hussain, M, Dunsavage, J, Saiyed, S, Hernandez, E, Goldman, J, Brown, C, Comp, S, Raczek, J, Morris, J, Vargas Jr., J, Weiss, D, Hensley, J, Kochert, E, Wnuk, C, Nemeth, C, Mowery, B, Hutchinson, C, Winters, L, McAdams, D, Walker, G, Minnier, T, Wisniewski, M, Mayak, K, McCreary, E, Bariola, R, Viehman, A, Daley, J, Lopus, A, Schmidhofer, M, Ambrosino, R, Keen, S, Toffalo, S, Stambaugh, M, Trimmer, K, Perri, R, Casali, S, Medva, R, Massar, B, Beyerl, A, Burkey, J, Keeler, S, Lowery, M, Oncea, L, Daugherty, J, Sevilla, C, Woelke, A, Dice, J, Weber, L, Roth, J, Ferringer, C, Beer, D, Fesz, J, Carpio, L, Colin, G, Zinzoni, V, Maquigneau, N, Henri-Lagarrigue, M, Pouplet, C, Reill, L, Distler, M, Maselli, A, Martynoga, R, Trask, K, Butler, A, Attwood, B, Parsons, P, Campbell, B, Smith, A, Page, V, Zhao, X, Oza, D, Abrahamson, G, Sheath, B, Young, P, Young, C, Lesona, E, Navarra, L, Cruz, R, Delaney, K, Aguilar-Dano, A, Gojanovic, M, Rhodes, J, Anderson, T, Morris, S, Nayyar, V, Bowen, D, Kong, J, Joy, J, Fuchs, R, Lambert, B, Tai, C, Thomas, A, Keen, A, Tierney, C, Omer, N, Bacon, G, Tridente, A, Shuker, K, Anders, J, Greer, S, Scott, P, Millington, A, Buchanan, P, Binnie, A, Powell, E, McMillan, A, Luk, T, Aref, N, Denmade, C, Sadera, G, Jacob, R, Hughes, D, Sterba, M, Geng, W, Digby, S, Southern, D, Reddy, H, Hulse, S, Campbell, A, Garton, M, Watkins, C, Smuts, S, Quinn, A, Simpson, B, McMillan, C, Finch, C, Hill, C, Cooper, J, Budd, J, Small, C, O’Leary, R, Collins, E, Holland, A, Alexander, P, Felton, T, Ferguson, S, Sellers, K, Ward, L, Yates, D, Birkinshaw, I, Kell, K, Scott, Z, Pearson, H, Hashmi, M, Hassan, N, Panjwani, A, Umrani, Z, Shaikh, M, Ain, Q, Kanwal, D, Van Bree, S, Bouw-Ruiter, M, Osinga, M, Van Zanten, A, McEldrew, R, Rashan, S, Singh, V, Azergui, N, Bari, S, Beltran, M, Brugman, C, Groeneveld, E, Jafarzadeh, M, Keijzer-Timmers, N, Kester, E, Koelink, M, Kwakkenbos-Craanen, M, Okundaye, C, Parker, L, Peters, S, Post, S, Rietveld, I, Scheepstra-Beukers, I, Schreuder, G, Smit, A, Brillinger, N, Markgraf, R, Eichinger, F, Doran, P, Anjum, A, Best-Lane, J, Barton, F, Miller, L, Richards-Belle, A, Saull, M, Sprinckmoller, S, Wiley, D, Darnell, R, Au, C, Lindstrum, K, Cheng, A, Forbes, A, Heritier, S, Trapani, T, Cuthbertson, B, Manoharan, V, Dondrop, A, Tolppa, T, Ehrmann, S, Hullegie, S, Povoa, P, Beasley, R, Daneman, N, McGloughlin, S, Paterson, D, Venkatesh, B, De Jong, M, Uyeki, T, Baillie, K, Netea, M, Orr, K, Patanwala, A, Tong, S, Cooper, N, Galea, J, Leavis, H, Ogungbenro, K, Patawala, A, Rademaker, E, Youngstein, T, Carrier, M, Fergusson, D, Hunt, B, Kumar, A, Laffan, M, Lother, S, Middeldorp, S, Stanworth, S, De Man, A, Masse, M-H, Abraham, J, Arnold, D, Begin, P, Charlewood, R, Chasse, M, Coyne, M, Daly, J, Gosbell, I, Harvala-Simmonds, H, MacLennan, S, McDyer, J, Menon, D, Pridee, N, Roberts, D, Thomas, H, Tinmouth, A, Triulzi, D, Walsh, T, Wood, E, Calfee, C, O’Kane, C, Shyamsundar, M, Sinha, P, Thompson, T, Young, I, Burrell, A, Ferguson, N, Hodgson, C, Orford, N, Phua, J, Baron, R, Epelman, S, Frankfurter, C, Gommans, F, Kim, E, Leaf, D, Vaduganathan, M, Van Kimmenade, R, Sanil, A, Van Beurden, M, Effelaar, E, Schotsman, J, Boyd, C, Harland, C, Shearer, A, Wren, J, Attanayaka, U, Darshana, S, Ishani, P, Udayanga, I, Higgins, AM, Berry, LR, Lorenzi, E, Murthy, S, McQuilten, Z, Mouncey, PR, Al-Beidh, F, Annane, D, Arabi, YM, Beane, A, Van Bentum-Puijk, W, Bhimani, Z, Bonten, MJM, Bradbury, CA, Brunkhorst, FM, Buzgau, A, Buxton, M, Charles, WN, Cove, M, Detry, MA, Estcourt, LJ, Fagbodun, EO, Fitzgerald, M, Girard, TD, Goligher, EC, Goossens, H, Haniffa, R, Hills, T, Horvat, CM, Huang, DT, Ichihara, N, Lamontagne, F, Marshall, JC, McAuley, DF, McGlothlin, A, McGuinness, SP, McVerry, BJ, Neal, MD, Nichol, AD, Parke, RL, Parker, JC, Parry-Billings, K, Peters, SEC, Reyes, LF, Rowan, KM, Saito, H, Santos, MS, Saunders, CT, Serpa-Neto, A, Seymour, CW, Shankar-Hari, M, Stronach, LM, Turgeon, AF, Turner, AM, Van de Veerdonk, FL, Zarychanski, R, Green, C, Lewis, RJ, Angus, DC, McArthur, CJ, Berry, S, Derde, LPG, Gordon, AC, Webb, SA, Lawler, PR
Publikováno v:
JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
JAMA, 329(1), 39-51. American Medical Association
Journal of the American Medical Association
Journal of the American Medical Association, 2023, 329 (1), pp.39-51. ⟨10.1001/jama.2022.23257⟩
Jama : Journal of the American Medical Association, 329, 1, pp. 39-51
Higgins, A M, Berry, L R, Lorenzi, E, Murthy, S, McQuilten, Z, Mouncey, P R, Al-Beidh, F, Annane, D, Arabi, Y M, Beane, A, Van Bentum-Puijk, W, Bhimani, Z, Bonten, M J M, Bradbury, C A, Brunkhorst, F M, Burrell, A, Buzgau, A, Buxton, M, Charles, W N, Cove, M, Detry, M A, Estcourt, L J, Fagbodun, E O, Fitzgerald, M, Girard, T D, Goligher, E C, Goossens, H, Haniffa, R, Hills, T, Horvat, C M, Huang, D T, Ichihara, N, Lamontagne, F, Marshall, J C, McAuley, D F, McGlothlin, A, McGuinness, S P, McVerry, B J, Neal, M D, Nichol, A D, Parke, R L, Parker, J C, Parry-Billings, K, Peters, S E C, Reyes, L F, Rowan, K M, Saito, H, Santos, M S, Saunders, C T & Serpa-Neto, A 2023, ' Long-term (180-day) outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP randomized clinical trial ', JAMA, vol. 329, no. 1, pp. 39-51 . https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.23257
Bradbury, C A & Higgins, A M 2023, ' Long-term (180-Day) Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial ', JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 329, no. 1, pp. 39-51 . https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.23257
Jama : Journal of the American Medical Association, 329, 39-51
JAMA
JAMA, 329(1), 39-51. American Medical Association
Journal of the American Medical Association
Journal of the American Medical Association, 2023, 329 (1), pp.39-51. ⟨10.1001/jama.2022.23257⟩
Jama : Journal of the American Medical Association, 329, 1, pp. 39-51
Higgins, A M, Berry, L R, Lorenzi, E, Murthy, S, McQuilten, Z, Mouncey, P R, Al-Beidh, F, Annane, D, Arabi, Y M, Beane, A, Van Bentum-Puijk, W, Bhimani, Z, Bonten, M J M, Bradbury, C A, Brunkhorst, F M, Burrell, A, Buzgau, A, Buxton, M, Charles, W N, Cove, M, Detry, M A, Estcourt, L J, Fagbodun, E O, Fitzgerald, M, Girard, T D, Goligher, E C, Goossens, H, Haniffa, R, Hills, T, Horvat, C M, Huang, D T, Ichihara, N, Lamontagne, F, Marshall, J C, McAuley, D F, McGlothlin, A, McGuinness, S P, McVerry, B J, Neal, M D, Nichol, A D, Parke, R L, Parker, J C, Parry-Billings, K, Peters, S E C, Reyes, L F, Rowan, K M, Saito, H, Santos, M S, Saunders, C T & Serpa-Neto, A 2023, ' Long-term (180-day) outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP randomized clinical trial ', JAMA, vol. 329, no. 1, pp. 39-51 . https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.23257
Bradbury, C A & Higgins, A M 2023, ' Long-term (180-Day) Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial ', JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 329, no. 1, pp. 39-51 . https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.23257
Jama : Journal of the American Medical Association, 329, 39-51
JAMA
ImportanceThe longer-term effects of therapies for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of multiple interventions for critically ill adults with COVID-19 on longer-term outcomes.Design, S
Autor:
Bradbury, Carlee A
This collaborative arts research project compares the landmark discovery of the Staffordshire Hoard, the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver metalwork discovered in 2009, with an imagined hoard from present day pre-adolescent girls. The coll
Externí odkaz:
http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/25536
Autor:
Bradbury, Carlee A.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0410. Adviser: Anne D. Hedeman. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-271) Available on mi
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0410. Adviser: Anne D. Hedeman. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-271) Available on mi
Autor:
Schulman S; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: schulms@mcmaster.ca., Arnold DM; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Bradbury CA; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom., Broxmeyer L; Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA., Connors JM; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Falanga A; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy., Iba T; Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan., Kaatz S; Division of Hospital Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA., Levy JH; Departments of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery (Cardiothoracic), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA., Middeldorp S; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Minichiello T; Division of Hematology, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Nazy I; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Ramacciotti E; Science Valley Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital e Maternidade Christóvão da Gama, Grupo Leforte, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil., Resnick HE; Resnick, Chodorow & Associates, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA., Samama CM; Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Centre -Université Paris Cité, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France., Sholzberg M; Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, St Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Thachil J; Department of Haematology, Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom., Zarychanski R; Sections of Hematology/Oncology and Critical Care, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Spyropoulos AC; Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA; Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
Publikováno v:
Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH [J Thromb Haemost] 2024 Jun; Vol. 22 (6), pp. 1779-1797. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 18.
Autor:
Stimpson ML; Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Wolf J; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK., Charbit B; Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK., Williams EL; Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Lait PJP; Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Schewitz-Bowers LP; Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Lee RWJ; Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Bradbury CA; Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.
Publikováno v:
British journal of haematology [Br J Haematol] 2024 Feb; Vol. 204 (2), pp. 644-648. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 12.
Autor:
Godoy LC; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at the University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Neal MD; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA., Goligher EC; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Cushman M; Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA., Houston BL; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.; CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada., Bradbury CA; University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.; University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom., McQuilten ZK; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Tritschler T; Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Kahn SR; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada., Berry LR; Berry Consultants, LLC, Austin, Texas, USA., Lorenzi E; Berry Consultants, LLC, Austin, Texas, USA., Jensen T; Berry Consultants, LLC, Austin, Texas, USA., Higgins AM; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Kornblith LZ; Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital/University of California, San Francisco, California, USA., Berger JS; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA., Gong MN; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA., Paul JD; University of Chicago, Chicago, USA., Castellucci LA; Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Le Gal G; Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Lother SA; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada., Rosenson RS; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA., Derde LPG; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Kumar A; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada., McVerry BJ; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA., Nicolau JC; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Leifer E; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Escobedo J; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico., Huang DT; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA., Reynolds HR; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA., Carrier M; Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Kim KS; University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA., Hunt BJ; King's College and University Guy & St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom., Slutsky AS; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Turgeon AF; Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada., Webb SA; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., McArthur CJ; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand., Farkouh ME; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at the University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA., Hochman JS; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA., Zarychanski R; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.; CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada., Lawler PR; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at the University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Publikováno v:
JACC. Advances [JACC Adv] 2024 Jan 26; Vol. 3 (3), pp. 100780. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 26 (Print Publication: 2024).
Autor:
Hills TE; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Lorenzi E; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Berry LR; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Shyamsundar M; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Al-Beidh F; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Annane D; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Arabi Y; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Aryal D; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Au C; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Beane A; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Bhimani Z; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Bonten M; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Bradbury CA; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Brunkhorst FM; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Burrell A; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Buxton M; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Calfee CS; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Cecconi M; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Cheng AC; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Cove ME; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Detry MA; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Estcourt LJ; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Fitzgerald M; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Goligher EC; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Goossens H; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Green C; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Haniffa R; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Harrison DA; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Hashmi M; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Higgins AM; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Horvat C, Huang DT; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Ichihara N; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Jayakumar D; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Kruger PS; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Lamontagne F; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Lampro L; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Lawler PR; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Marshall JC; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Mason AJ; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., McGlothlin A; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., McGuinness S; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., McQuilten ZK; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., McVerry BJ; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Mouncey PR; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Murthy S; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Neal MD; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Nichol AD; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., O'Kane CM; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Parke RL; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Parker JC; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Rabindrarajan E; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Reyes LF; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Rowan KM; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Saito H; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Santos M; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Saunders CT; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Seymour CW; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Shankar-Hari M; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Sinha P; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Thompson BT; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Turgeon AF; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Turner AM; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., van de Veerdonk F; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Weis S; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Young IS; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Zarychanski R; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Lewis RJ; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., McArthur CJ; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Angus DC; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Berry SM; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Derde LPG; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Webb SA; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., Gordon AC; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.)., McAuley DF; From the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, A.M.T., C.J.M.), and Middlemore Hospital (T.E.H.), Te Toka Tumai Auckland City Hospital (T.E.H., S. McGuinness, R.L.P., C.J.M.), and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland - all in New Zealand; Berry Consultants, Austin, TX (E.L., L.R.B., M.A.D., M.F., A.M., C.T.S., R.J.L., S.M.B.); Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (M. Shyamsundar, C.M.O., D.F.M.), the Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (M. Shyamsundar, D.F.M.), and the Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and the Department of Health (I.S.Y.), Belfast, Imperial College London (F.A.-B., A.C.G.), the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (C.A., D.A.H., L.L., A.J.M., P.R.M., K.M.R.), University College London Hospitals (R.H.), and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (A.C.G.), London, the Institute for Regeneration and Repair (A. Beane) and the Centre for Inflammation Research (R.H., M.S.-H.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol (C.A.B.), and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford (L.J.E.) - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Prometheus, University Paris-Saclay, the Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, the Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation-Unité 173, School of Medicine Simone Veil, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavor to Personalize Interventions for Sepsis) - all in Garches, France (D. Annane); King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A.); Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu (D. Aryal); Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand (D. Aryal, A. Beane); Unity Health Toronto (Z.B., J.C.M., M. Santos), the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.C.G.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network (P.R.L.), and Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research (J.C.M.), Toronto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F.L.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (P.R.L.), the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (S. Murthy), the Population Health and Optimal Practices Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (A.F.T.), and the University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg (R.Z.) - all in Canada; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M. Bonten, L.P.G.D.) and the Intensive Care Center (L.P.G.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, and the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (M. Bonten), Utrecht, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (F.V.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (F.M.B., S.W.) and the Institute for Infection Disease and Infection Control (S.W.), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (S.W.) - both in Jena, Germany; the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (A. Burrell, A.C.C., C.G., A.M.H., Z.K.M., A.D.N., J.C.P., C.J.M., S.A.W.) and the School of Clinical Sciences (A.C.C.), Monash University, Alfred Hospital (A. Burrell, A.D.N.), and Monash Health (A.C.C., Z.K.M.), Melbourne, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane (P.S.K.), and St. John of God Health Care, Perth, WA (S.A.W.) - all in Australia; the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur (M. Buxton), the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (C.S.C.), and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (R.J.L.) - all in California; the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan (M.C.); National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore (M.E.C.); Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital (D.J.) and Apollo Speciality Hospitals (E.R.) - both in Chennai, India; the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (H.G.); National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka (R.H.); Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan (M.H.); the University of Pittsburgh (D.T.H., B.J.M., M.D.N., C.W.S., D.C.A.) and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (D.T.H., B.J.M.) - both in Pittsburgh; Jikei University School of Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Tokyo (N.I.), and St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama (H.S.) - all in Japan; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (A.D.N.); Universidad de La Sabana and Clínica Universidad de La Sabana - both in Chia, Colombia (L.F.R.); the Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.S.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.T.T.).
Publikováno v:
The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2023 Dec 21; Vol. 389 (25), pp. 2341-2354. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 25.
Autor:
Adhikari NKJ; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Hashmi M; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan., Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan BK; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India.; George Institute for Global Health India, New Delhi., Haniffa R; Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand., Beane A; Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand., Webb SA; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; St John of God Health Care, Perth, Australia., Angus DC; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., Gordon AC; Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, England.; St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England., Cook DJ; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Critical Care, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Guyatt GH; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Berry LR; Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas., Lorenzi E; Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas., Mouncey PR; Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England., Au C; Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England., Pinto R; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Ménard J; Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada., Sprague S; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Masse MH; Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada., Huang DT; School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., Heyland DK; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada., Nichol AD; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.; University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia., McArthur CJ; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand., de Man A; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Al-Beidh F; Imperial College London, London, England., Annane D; UVSQ University Paris Saclay, Institut-Hospitalo Universitaire Prometheus, Paris, France.; Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France., Anstey M; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.; University of Western Australia, Perth., Arabi YM; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Battista MC; Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada., Berry S; Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas., Bhimani Z; St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Bonten MJM; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.; European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Bradbury CA; University of Bristol, Bristol, England., Brant EB; Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., Brunkhorst FM; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany., Burrell A; Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Buxton M; Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, Larkspur, California., Cecconi M; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy., Cheng AC; Monash Infectious Disease, Monash Health and School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Cohen D; Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.; Massawippi Valley Foundation, Ayer's Cliff, Quebec, Canada., Cove ME; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore., Day AG; Kingston Health Sciences Centre and Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada., Derde LPG; European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases, Utrecht, the Netherlands.; Intensive Care Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Detry MA; Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas., Estcourt LJ; Department of Haematology, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, England.; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England., Fagbodun EO; Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, England., Fitzgerald M; Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas., Goossens H; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Green C; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Higgins AM; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Hills TE; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington., Horvat C; Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., Ichihara N; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan., Jayakumar D; Dr Kamakshi Memorial Hospital Apollo, Chennai, India., Kanji S; Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Khoso MN; South City Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan., Lawler PR; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Lewis RJ; Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas., Litton E; Fiona Stanley Hospital, Department of Intensive Care Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth., Marshall JC; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., McAuley DF; Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.; Centre for Infection and Immunity, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland., McGlothlin A; Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas., McGuinness SP; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington.; Auckland City Hospital, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland, New Zealand.; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., McQuilten ZK; Monash University, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia., McVerry BJ; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., Murthy S; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada., Parke RL; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington.; Auckland City Hospital, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland, New Zealand.; School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand., Parker JC; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia., Reyes LF; Department of Infectious Diseases, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia.; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia., Rowan KM; Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, England., Saito H; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St Marianna University Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan., Salahuddin N; National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan., Santos MS; Department of Critical Care, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Saunders CT; Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas., Seymour CW; Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., Shankar-Hari M; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, Scotland., Tolppa T; National Intensive Care Surveillance, Colombo, Sri Lanka., Trapani T; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Turgeon AF; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.; Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Departments of Traumatology, Emergency Medicine, and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada., Turner AM; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington., Udy AA; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia., van de Veerdonk FL; Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., Zarychanski R; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada., Lamontagne F; Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.; Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Publikováno v:
JAMA [JAMA] 2023 Nov 14; Vol. 330 (18), pp. 1745-1759.