Early initiation of extracorporeal life support in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Design and rationale of the INCEPTION trial

Autor: Bol, Martine E., Suverein, Martje M., Lorusso, Roberto, Delnoij, Thijs S.R., Brandon Bravo Bruinsma, George J., Otterspoor, Luuk, Kuijpers, Marijn, Lam, Ka Yan, Vlaar, Alexander P.J., Elzo Kraemer, Carlos V., van der Heijden, Joris J., Scholten, Erik, Driessen, Antoine H.G., Montero Cabezas, José M., Rittersma, Saskia Z.H., Heijnen, Bram G., Taccone, Fabio S., Essers, Brigitte, Delhaas, Tammo, Weerwind, Patrick W., Roekaerts, Paul M.H.J., Maessen, Jos G., van de Poll, Marcel C.G.

Publikováno v: In American Heart Journal April 2019 210:58-68

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Early Extracorporeal CPR for Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Autor: Suverein MM; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Delnoij TSR; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Lorusso R; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Brandon Bravo Bruinsma GJ; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Otterspoor L; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Elzo Kraemer CV; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Vlaar APJ; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., van der Heijden JJ; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Scholten E; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., den Uil C; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Jansen T; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., van den Bogaard B; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Kuijpers M; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Lam KY; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Montero Cabezas JM; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Driessen AHG; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Rittersma SZH; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Heijnen BG; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Dos Reis Miranda D; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Bleeker G; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., de Metz J; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Hermanides RS; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Lopez Matta J; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Eberl S; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Donker DW; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., van Thiel RJ; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Akin S; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., van Meer O; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Henriques J; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Bokhoven KC; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Mandigers L; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Bunge JJH; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Bol ME; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Winkens B; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Essers B; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Weerwind PW; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., Maessen JG; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands., van de Poll MCG; From the Departments of Intensive Care (M.M.S., T.S.R.D., M.E.B., M.C.G.P.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.L., P.W.W., J.G.M.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technical Assessment (B.E.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the Department of Methodology and Statistics and the Care and Public Health Research Institute (B.W.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.L., J.G.M.), and the School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (M.C.G.P.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.J.B.B.B.), Intensive Care (M.K.), and Cardiology (R.S.H.), Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Departments of Intensive Care (L.O.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (K.Y.L.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Departments of Intensive Care (C.V.E.K., J.L.M.), Cardiology (J.M.M.C.), and Emergency Medicine (O.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Departments of Intensive Care (A.P.J.V.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.H.G.D.), Anesthesia (S.E.), and Cardiology (J.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, and the Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (B.B., J.M.), Amsterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (J.J.H., D.W.D.) and Cardiology (S.Z.H.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Intensive Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (E.S., B.G.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center (C.U., D.D.R.M., R.J.T., K.C.B., L.M., J.J.H.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (J.J.H.B.), Rotterdam, the Departments of Intensive Care (T.J., S.A.) and Cardiology (G.B.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede (D.W.D.) - all in the Netherlands.

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2023 Jan 26; Vol. 388 (4), pp. 299-309.