Reply to: Challenges to identifying risk versus protective factors in Alzheimer's disease.

Autor: Fortea J; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. jfortea@santpau.cat.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. jfortea@santpau.cat.; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain. jfortea@santpau.cat., Vaqué-Alcázar L; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Pegueroles J; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain., Alcolea D; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain., Belbin O; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain., Dols-Icardo O; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain., Videla L; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain., Gispert JD; Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.; Neurosciences Programme, IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina. Instituto de Salud carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain., Suárez-Calvet M; Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.; Neurosciences Programme, IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain., Johnson SC; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA., Sperling R; Brigham and Women's Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Bejanin A; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain., Lleó A; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain., Montal V; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.; Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain.

Publikováno v: Nature medicine [Nat Med] 2024 Nov; Vol. 30 (11), pp. 3096-3097. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 18.

Associations of Microbleeds and Their Topography With Imaging and CSF Biomarkers of Alzheimer Pathology in Individuals With Down Syndrome.

Autor: Zsadanyi SE; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Morcillo-Nieto AO; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Aranha MR; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Aragón I; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Arriola-Infante JE; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Vaqué-Alcázar L; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Montal V; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Pegueroles J; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Arranz J; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Rodríguez-Baz Í; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Blesa LM; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Videla L; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Barroeta I; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Del Hoyo Soriano L; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Benejam B; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Fernández S; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Hernandez AS; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Bargallo N; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., González-Ortiz S; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Giménez S; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Alcolea D; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Belbin O; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Lleó A; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Fortea J; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Carmona-Iragui M; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Bejanin A; From the Sant Pau Memory Unit (S.E.Z., A.O.M.-N., M.R.A., I.A., J.E.A.-I., L.V.-A., V.M., J.P., J.A., Í.R.-B., L.M.B., L.V., I.B., L.H.S., B.B., A.S.H., S.G., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Medicine (L.V.-A., N.B.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) (V.M., J.P., L.V., I.B., D.A., O.B., A.L., J.F., M.C.-I., A.B.), Madrid; Barcelona Down Medical Center (L.V., B.B., S.F., A.S.H., J.F., M.C.-I.), Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Radiology department (N.B., S.G.-O.), Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; and Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (S.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.

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APP dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: implications for current drug targets.

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