From Language Models over Tokens to Language Models over Characters

Autor: Vieira, Tim, LeBrun, Ben, Giulianelli, Mario, Gastaldi, Juan Luis, DuSell, Brian, Terilla, John, O'Donnell, Timothy J., Cotterell, Ryan

Modern language models are internally -- and mathematically -- distributions over token strings rather than \emph{character} strings, posing numerous challenges for programmers building user applications on top of them. For example, if a prompt is sp

Externí odkaz: http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.03719

On the Proper Treatment of Tokenization in Psycholinguistics

Autor: Giulianelli, Mario, Malagutti, Luca, Gastaldi, Juan Luis, DuSell, Brian, Vieira, Tim, Cotterell, Ryan

Language models are widely used in computational psycholinguistics to test theories that relate the negative log probability (the surprisal) of a region of interest (a substring of characters) under a language model to its cognitive cost experienced

Externí odkaz: http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.02691

The Foundations of Tokenization: Statistical and Computational Concerns

Autor: Gastaldi, Juan Luis, Terilla, John, Malagutti, Luca, DuSell, Brian, Vieira, Tim, Cotterell, Ryan

Tokenization - the practice of converting strings of characters from an alphabet into sequences of tokens over a vocabulary - is a critical step in the NLP pipeline. The use of token representations is widely credited with increased model performance

Externí odkaz: http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11606

Using graph neural networks to reconstruct charged pion showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter

Autor: Aamir, M., Adamov, G., Adams, T., Adloff, C., Afanasiev, S., Agrawal, C., Ahmad, A., Ahmed, H. A., Akbar, S., Akchurin, N., Akgul, B., Akgun, B., Akpinar, R. O., Aktas, E., Kadhim, A. Al, Alexakhin, V., Alimena, J., Alison, J., Alpana, A., Alshehri, W., Dominguez, P. Alvarez, Alyari, M., Amendola, C., Amir, R. B., Andersen, S. B., Andreev, Y., Antoszczuk, P. D., Aras, U., Ardila, L., Aspell, P., Avila, M., Awad, I., Aydilek, O., Azimi, Z., Pretel, A. Aznar, Bach, O. A., Bainbridge, R., Bakshi, A., Bam, B., Banerjee, S., Barney, D., Bayraktar, O., Beaudette, F., Beaujean, F., Becheva, E., Behera, P. K., Belloni, A., Bergauer, T., Besancon, M., Bylund, O. Bessidskaia, Bhatt, L., Bhattacharya, S., Bhowmil, D., Blekman, F., Blinov, P., Bloch, P., Bodek, A., Boger, a., Bonnemaison, A., Bouyjou, F., Brennan, L., Brondolin, E., Brusamolino, A., Bubanja, I., Perraguin, A. Buchot, Bunin, P., Misura, A. Burazin, Butler-nalin, A., Cakir, A., Callier, S., Campbell, S., Candemir, Y. B., Canderan, K., Cankocak, K., Cappati, A., Caregari, S., Carron, S., Carty, C., Cauchois, A., Ceard, L., Cerci, S., Chang, P. J., Chatterjee, R. M., Chatterjee, S., Chattopadhyay, P., Chatzistavrou, T., Chaudhary, M. S., Chen, J. A., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Cheng, K., Cheung, H., Chhikara, J., Chiron, A., Chiusi, M., Chokheli, D., Chudasama, R., Clement, E., Mendez, S. Coco, Coko, D., Coskun, K., Couderc, F., Crossman, B., Cui, Z., Cuisset, T., Cummings, G., Curtis, E. M., D'Alfonso, M., Döhler-Ball, J., Dadazhanova, O., Damgov, J., Das, I., Gupta, S. Das, Dauncey, P., Mendes, A. David Tinoco, Davies, G., Davignon, O., de Barbaro, P., De La Taille, C., De Silva, M., De Wit, A., Debbins, P., Defranchis, M. M., Delagnes, E., Devouge, P., Di Guglielmo, G., Diehl, L., Dilsiz, K., Dincer, G. G., Dittmann, J., Dragicevic, M., Du, D., Dubinchik, B., Dugad, S., Dulucq, F., Dumanoglu, I., Duran, B., Dutta, S., Dutta, V., Dychkant, A., Dünser, M., Edberg, T., Ehle, I. T., Berni, A. El, Elias, F., Eno, S. C., Erdogan, E. N., Erkmen, B., Ershov, Y., Ertorer, E. Y., Extier, S., Eychenne, L., Fedar, Y. E., Fedi, G., De Almeida, J. P. Figueiredo De Sá Sousa, Alves, B. A. Fontana Santos, Frahm, E., Francis, K., Freeman, J., French, T., Gaede, F., Gandhi, P. K., Ganjour, S., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gastaldi, F., Gazi, L., Gecse, Z., Gerwig, H., Gevin, O., Ghosh, S., Gill, K., Gingu, C., Gleyzer, S., Godinovic, N., Goettlicher, P., Goff, R., Gok, M., Golunov, A., Gonultas, B., Martínez, J. D. González, Gorbounov, N., Gouskos, L., Gray, A., Gray, L., Grieco, C., Groenroos, S., Groner, D., Gruber, A., Grummer, A., Grönroos, S., Guerrero, D., Guilloux, F., Guler, Y., Gungordu, A. D., Guo, J., Guo, K., Guler, E. Gurpinar, Gutti, H. K., Guvenli, A. A., Gülmez, E., Hacisahinoglu, B., Halkin, Y., Machado, G. Hamilton Ilha, Hare, H. S., Hatakeyama, K., Heering, A. H., Hegde, V., Heintz, U., Hinton, N., Hinzmann, A., Hirschauer, J., Hitlin, D., Hoff, J., Hos, İ., Hou, B., Hou, X., Howard, A., Howe, C., Hsieh, H., Hsu, T., Hua, H., Hummer, F., Imran, M., Incandela, J., Iren, E., Isildak, B., Jackson, P. S., Jackson, W. J., Jain, S., Jana, P., Jaroslavceva, J., Jena, S., Jige, A., Jordano, P. P., Joshi, U., Kaadze, K., Kachanov, V., Kafizov, A., Kalipoliti, L., Tharayil, A. Kallil, Kaluzinska, O., Kamble, S., Kaminskiy, A., Kanemura, M., Kanso, H., Kao, Y., Kapic, A., Kapsiak, C., Karjavine, V., Karmakar, S., Karneyeu, A., Kaya, M., Topaksu, A. Kayis, Kaynak, B., Kazhykarim, Y., Khan, F. A., Khudiakov, A., Kieseler, J., Kim, R. S., Klijnsma, T., Kloiber, E. G., Klute, M., Kocak, Z., Kodali, K. R., Koetz, K., Kolberg, T., Kolcu, O. B., Komaragiri, J. R., Komm, M., Kopsalis, I., Krause, H. A., Krawczyk, M. A., Vinayakam, T. R. 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Publikováno v: JINST 19 (2024) P11025

A novel method to reconstruct the energy of hadronic showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is presented. The HGCAL is a sampling calorimeter with very fine transverse and longitudinal granularity. The active media are silicon sensor

Externí odkaz: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.11937

On a fundamental statistical edge principle

Autor: Gastaldi, Tommaso

This paper establishes that conditioning the probability of execution of new orders on the self-generated historical trading information (HTI) of a trading strategy is a necessary condition for a statistical trading edge. It is shown, in particular,

Externí odkaz: http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.14252