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Autor:
Geert Mannens, Hilde Bohets, Aron Shapiro, Nathalie Schroeder, Kimberly Edwards-Swanson, Claude McGowan
Publikováno v:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 27:187-195
In this report, we characterize the in vitro pharmacokinetic properties of a new antihistamine, alcaftadine. In addition, we report results from phase 1 studies of several ophthalmic formulations of alcaftadine and examine the pharmacokinetic propert
Autor:
Yuhsin Tsai, Fuu Jen Tsai, Shiuan Yi Huang, Pei-Dawn Lee Chao, Lei Wan, Chien-Chen Lai, Seng Sheen Fan, Hui Ju Lin
Publikováno v:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 23:152-171
A high concentration of glutamate in the eyes not only activates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, but also is toxic to the retina ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucomatous patients. Our previous study had found that aloe-emodin sulfates/glucuronide
Publikováno v:
Journal of Aerosol Medicine. 15:251-259
The choice of a nebulized system for a patient usually depends on the equipment available. To date, there is limited guidance on the selection and use of a nebulizer. We have conducted in vitro tests described within the draft European Standard for N
Publikováno v:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 17:475-483
The polyol pathway plays an important role in the formation of diabetic complications of the eye. Due to variations in the pharmacokinetic properties of aldose reductase inhibitors and variations in the degradation of the blood-ocular barrier, it is
Autor:
Ronald D. Schoenwald, Jianyi Zhu
Publikováno v:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 16:481-495
Ketanserin, a hypotensive drug with 5-HT2 receptor antagonism, when administered by topical infusion of a 0.25% w/v solution by corneal and scleral applications, was found to lower intraocular pressure with four times more activity than its metabolit
Cytotoxic Metabolite of Acetaminophen, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, Produces Cataract in DBA2 Mice
Publikováno v:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 15:537-545
Acetaminophen, or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), is metabolized to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. The biotransformation of APAP is enhanced in P450-inducible C57BL6 (B6) mice but not in non-inducible DB
Autor:
John Howes, Gary D. Novack
Publikováno v:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 14:153-158
The objective of this study was to determine the systemic exposure to loteprednol etabonate (LE) following its chronic, ocular instillation. This was a randomized, double-masked, placebo controlled, single center trial in 14 normal volunteers. Subjec
Publikováno v:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 14:159-168
Our purpose was to determine the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and its active metabolite norverapamil after topical administration of verapamil in rabbits. New Zealand white albino rabbits were given 50 microl of verapamil ophthalmic formulation topi
Autor:
Uday B. Kompella, Bhas A. Dani
Publikováno v:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 13:163-170
It was the objective of this study to determine whether [des-Gly10, D-Trp6]LHRH ethylamide, an LHRH agonist known as deslorelin, is degraded by the rabbit conjunctiva. Intact conjunctiva was incubated with deslorelin either alone or in the presence o
Publikováno v:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 13:23-30
Dorzolamide is a powerful inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase (CA) II that penetrates the sclera and cornea to reach the ciliary process and lowers formation of HCO3 and aqueous humor. The usual dose applied to the eye in treatment of glaucoma is 1 drop