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Autor:
Lawrence J. Druhan, Tse-Yao Wang, Saradhadevi Varadharaj, Craig Hemann, Yeong Renn Chen, Levy Reyes, M.A. Hassan Talukder, Chun-An Chen, Jay L. Zweier
Publikováno v:
Nature. 468:1115-1118
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is critical in the regulation of vascular function, and can generate both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)(•-)), which are key mediators of cellular signalling. In the presence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin, eN
Publikováno v:
Nature
Nicotine addiction begins with high-affinity binding of nicotine to acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in the brain. The end result is over 4,000,000 smoking-related deaths annually worldwide and the largest source of preventable mortality in developed co
Autor:
Yingxi Lin, Ariya D. Lapan, Athar N. Malik, Michael E. Greenberg, Linda Hu, Brenda L. Bloodgood, Jessica L. Hauser, Tae Kyung Kim, Alex Chun Koon
Publikováno v:
Nature. 455:1198-1204
Neuronal activity regulates the development and maturation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the mammalian brain. Several recent studies have identified signalling networks within neurons that control excitatory synapse development. However, l
Publikováno v:
Nature. 437:1027-1031
Drugs of abuse are known to cause persistent modification of neural circuits, leading to addictive behaviours. Changes in synaptic plasticity in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) may contribute to circuit modification induced by ma
Publikováno v:
Nature. 422:614-618
The dopamine-containing projection from the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain to the nucleus accumbens is critically involved in mediating the reinforcing properties of cocaine. Although neurons in this area respond to rewards on a subsecond tim
Autor:
J. Amiel Rosenkranz, Anthony A. Grace
Publikováno v:
Nature. 417:282-287
Pavlovian conditioning results when an innocuous stimulus, such as an odour, is paired with a behaviourally relevant stimulus, such as a foot-shock, so that eventually the former stimulus alone will elicit the behavioural response of the latter. The
Autor:
Jorge Diaz, Pierre Sokoloff, Nathalie Griffon, Patrick Carroll, Jean-Charles Schwartz, Olivier Guillin
Publikováno v:
Nature. 411:86-89
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), like other neurotrophins, is a polypeptidic factor initially regarded to be responsible for neuron proliferation, differentiation and survival, through its uptake at nerve terminals and retrograde transport t
Autor:
Sara Vasan, Xin Zhang, Xini Zhang, Aphrodite Kapurniotu, Jürgen Bernhagen, Saul Teichberg, John Basgen, Dilip Wagle, David Shih, Ihor Terlecky, Richard Bucala, Anthony Cerami, John Egan, Peter Ulrich
Publikováno v:
Nature. 382:275-278
GLUCOSE and other reducing sugars react with proteins by a non-enzymatic, post-translational modification process called non-enzymatic glycosylation or glycation. The sugar-derived carbonyl group adds to a free amine, forming a reversible adduct whic
Autor:
George F. Koob, M. R. A. Carrera, Kim D. Janda, Peter Wirsching, Jon A. Ashley, Loren H. Parsons
Publikováno v:
Nature. 378:727-730
COCAINE is a powerfully addictive substance and new strategies are needed to treat its abuse. Generating an active immunization1,2 to cocaine offers a means of blocking the actions of the drug by preventing it from entering the central nervous system
Autor:
James D Moffatt, Peter J. Henry, Bernard Fong, Albert G Frauman, Thomas M. Cocks, Gary P. Anderson, Roy G. Goldie, Justin Raymond Hamilton, J. M. Chow, M.J. Carr
Publikováno v:
Nature. 398(6723)
The protection of cells in the upper intestine against digestion by pancreatic trypsin depends on the prostanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and is mediated by protease-activated receptors in the epithelium. As the airway epithelium is morphologically si